Fatten Ali Feth Ali, Fateh Ali or Fath' Ali, shah of Persia, called before his accession Baba Khan, born about 1762, died in 1834. In 1797 he succeeded his uncle, Aga Mohammed, founder of the Kadjar dynasty, after having put down several claimants to the throne. In 1799 Col. Malcolm was sent by the governor general of India on a mission to Feth Ali, and concluded a treaty by which the latter was to attack Khorasan and Afghanistan, and receive subsidies from England for that purpose. In 1803 war broke out between Persia and Russia for the possession of Georgia, whose ruler had transferred his allegiance from the former to the latter power. In 1805 Napoleon offered Feth Ali his alliance and protection in the prosecution of the war, and in 1807 sent Gen. Gardanne as ambassador to Persia. The treaty of Tilsit having, however, put an end to hostilities between France and Russia, the Persian king abandoned the French alliance for that of the English; but he was obliged in 1813 by the successes of the Russians to yield Georgia to the czar by treaty.

In 1821 a war broke out between Persia and the Ottoman empire on account of the extortions and oppressions practised by Turkish functionaries upon Persian pilgrims, and was terminated in 1823 by a treaty favorable to Persia. In 1826 Feth Ali, thinking to profit by the death of the czar Alexander, and to reconquer Georgia, declared war against the Russians; but his army, com- manded by his favorite son Abbas Mirza, was vanquished by Gen. Paskevitch, and he was forced in 1828 to abandon Persian Armenia to Russia, and to make the Aras the boundary of| his dominions. He amused himself in his leisure with writing verses, and left a collection of odes and songs. He had 500 females in his harem, and in 1826 is said to have had 81 sons and 53 daughters. He was succeeded by his grandson Mohammed, the son of Abbas Mirza, who died shortly before his father.