Glanders, a malignant disease of the horse and other equine species, of a highly contagious character, and which may be communicated to man, but not, it is said, to other animals. It occurs in two forms, depending on the parts affected.When in the lymphatic system it is called farcy; when in the nasal cavities, glanders. The pus of one will produce the other, and farcy always terminates in glanders, unless arrested. Farcy commences with hard cordlike swellings of the lymphatic vessels and glands, called farcy buds, which suppurate and form fistulous ulcers, discharging sanious pus. But it must not be understood that glanders usually commences in farcy; it is most commonly primary. In glanders as well as in farcy the blood is deficient in red globules, and otherwise unfit to nourish the body. The respiration is weak, and there is cough, and usually the bowels are relaxed. It is said to be produced by continuous bad treatment, overcrowding in filthy and particularly in un-ventilated stables, and other causes which produce a depraved state of the system. English cavalry horses are said to have been affected with glanders from such causes in the Crimea in 1854. Glanders may be divided into three stages. In the first it is difficult to distinguish the disease with certainty.

There is a continuous serous discharge from one or both nostrils, which becomes thick and glairy, like the white of an egg. Ulceration of the pituitary membrane is considered conclusive of its presence, but this may be so far up the passages as not to be seen. The discharge and cough may be the effect of nasal catarrh. A test is sometimes applied by administering three successive eight-ounce doses of aloes, allowing two or three days to elapse between the doses. A glandered horse will have his symptoms much aggravated; while if cold is the cause, the symptoms will he improved, although the horse may be weakened. The enlargement of a submaxillary gland and its adhesion to the bone is usual. If the disease is glanders, the discharge increases, and becomes foul and offensive, and it is said peculiar. This is the second stage. In the third stage the nasal membrane attains a dull leaden color, the lips and eyelids swell, parts of the face may become gangrenous, and the animal may die in a few days with a putrid fever, or he may die more slowly, the disease spreading to the lungs and other parts of the body, producing unhealthy abscesses, emaciation, and hectic. According to Youatt, the distinctive symptoms are the continuous discharge and the adherence of the enlarged submaxillary gland.

Sometimes the disease may last for years, if the animal is well fed and cared for. The form known as farcy is also not generally so rapidly fatal, and may sometimes be arrested and prevented from passing into glanders. The treatment in both forms consists in good feeding, tonics, dis-inrectants, and detergent washes and applications, particularly carbolic acid and creosote. The administration of iodine is generally beneficial in chronic cases.-When the disease is communicated to man, it is usually considered fatal. A small portion of the diseased matter from the nostril of the horse is sufficient to communicate it if it falls upon the mucous membrane, or upon an abraded surface of the skin. The disease may appear as either glanders or farcy, and either may be acute or chronic. Acute glanders begins with the symptoms of putrid poisoning, such as lowness of spirits, wandering pains, fever, furred tongue, great thirst, profuse nocturnal perspiration, great pain in the head, back, and limbs, and tightness of the chest. In a few days the symptoms increase in severity, with rigors and delirium; the perspiration becomes sour and offensive, and diarrhoea sets in. Diffused abscesses appear, commencing in red swellings, about the joints, especially the knees and elbows.

The tongue becomes dry and brown, the throat ulcerated, attended by a low malignant fever. In 10 or 12 days from the commencement a dusky shining swelling appears on the face, extending over the scalp and closing the eyes. An offensive yellowish discharge, streaked with blood, flows from the nostrils, and a crop of hard pustules about the size of a pea appears on the face, and spreads over the neck and body; fresh abscesses form and suppurate, accompanied with delirium and tremors, and death ensues. The chronic form proceeds more slowly, attended with discharge from the nostrils, swelling of the nose and eyes, and emaciation, with profuse perspiration and abscesses near the joints. The distinctions between acute and chronic farcy are not very clear, although in the former the lymphatics leading from the point receiving the contagion become violently inflamed the sooner. The treatment of the human subject should be conducted upon the same general principles as that of the horse.