This section is from the "Encyclopedia Of Practical Receipts And Processes" book, by William B. Dick. Also available from Amazon: Dick's encyclopedia of practical receipts and processes.
63. Baum'e's Hydrometer for Liquids Heavier than Water. In the hydrometer for liquids heavier than water, the position of the fixed points is reversed; for the 0 is at the top of the stem, and denotes the level to which the hydrometer sinks in distilled water: the 10th degree is lower down, and shows the level to which it sinks in the saline solution, and the graduation is continued downwards.
64. Baum'e's Areometer, or Sacchar-ometer for Liquids Heavier than Water. This instrument is generally in use in this country and in France, when it is necessary to ascertain the strength or density of a liquid heavier than water. In England, Twad-del's hydrometer is mostly employed for the purpose. Baum'e's instrument is principally used by confectioners to test the density of syrup; also by brewers and distillers to discover the quantity of saccharine matter in wort; and by soap manufacturers and dyers to prove the strength of their lyes and dyeing
 
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