1995. To Dye Ivory when Softened

1995.    To Dye Ivory when Softened. If it is desired to dye ivory when thus softened, dissolve, in spirits of wine, such color as may be desired to use. "When the spirits of wine is sufficiently tinged with the color, plunge in the ivory, and leave it there till it is dyed to suit.

1996. To Harden Ivory

1996.    To Harden Ivory. To harden ivory after it has been softened, wrap it up in a sheet of white paper, cover it with dry, decrepitated salt, and. lay it by for 24 hours, when it will be restored to its original hardness.

1997. To Bleach

1997.     To Bleach. Ivory. Ivory is whitened or bleached by rubbing it with finely powdered pumice-stone and water, and exposing it to the sun whilst still moist, under a glass shade, to prevent desiccation and the occurrence of cracks; observing to repeat the process until a proper effect is produced. Ivory may also be bleached by immersion for a short time in water holding a little sulphurous acid, chloride of lime, or chlorine in solution ; or by exposure to the fumes of burning sulphur, largely diluted with air. In many cases where, as in piano keys, the ivory cannot be removed, the polishing process will be found partially successful.

1998. To Restore Yellow Ivory to its Original Whiteness

1998.     To Restore Yellow Ivory to its Original Whiteness. A thin lime-paste is prepared in a pot, and heated over a stove; the ivory is placed in this and left until white, when it is taken out, dried, and polished.

1999. To Bleach Articles made of Ivory

1999.     To Bleach Articles made of Ivory. This process is recommended by Dr. J. Artus. The objects made of this substance are first placed into a solution containing 111/2 ounces carbonate of soda in crystals, and 45f ounces water. After having been left in this fluid for 2 days, the ivory objects are well washed in pure water, and then immersed into a solution composed of 17 ounces sulphite of soda, and 451/2 ounces water, and kept therein for 5 or 6 days, after which time there is added to the liquid, yet containing the ivory objects, 1 ounce hydrochloric acid diluted with 51/2 ounces water. After the acid has been added, the vessel (glass or porcelain) containing the liquid and ivory should be covered and left. standing for from 24 to 36 hours, after which time the ivory is taken out, washed in clean water, and dried. The quantities of ingredients herein specified suffice for 221/2 ounces of ivory,

2000. To Polish Ivory

2000.    To Polish Ivory. If ivory be polished with putty-powder and water, by means of a rubber made of hat, it will in a short time produce a fine gloss. Or, set the ivory in the turner's wheel, and, after having worked it, take some rushes and pumice-stone, mix a subtle powder with water, and rub till it becomes perfectly smooth; then heat it by turning it over a piece of linen or sheepskin, and when hot rub it with a little whitening diluted with olive oil; then rub it with a little dry whitening alone, and finally with a piece of soft white rag, and the ivory will look remarkably white.