2001. Fluid for Marking; Ivory

2001.      Fluid for Marking; Ivory. Take nitrate of silver, 2 parts; nitric acid, 1 part; water, 7 parts; mix.

2002. Etching Fluid for Ivory

2002.    Etching Fluid for Ivory. Take of diluted sulphuric acid and diluted muriatic acid, equal parts. Mix.

2003. Etching Varnish for Ivory

2003.    Etching Varnish for Ivory. White wax, 2 parts; tears of mastic, 2 parts. Mix.

2004. To Etch on Ivory

2004.    To Etch on Ivory. Cover the ivory to be etched with a thin coating of bees' wax, then trace the figure you desire to present through the wax. Pour over it a strong solution of nitrate of silver. Let it remain a sufficient length of time, then remove it, with the wax, by washing in warm water. The design will be left in dark lines on the ivory.

2005. To Gild Ivory

2005.    To Gild Ivory. Immerse it in a solution of nitro-muriate of gold, and then, while yet damp, expose it to hydrogen gas. "Wash it afterwards in clean water. Another plan of gilding ivory is by immersing it in a fresh solution of protosulphate of iron, and afterwards in a solution of chloride of gold.

2006. To Silver Ivory

2006.    To Silver Ivory. Immerse the ivory in a weak solution of nitrate of silver, and let it remain till the solution has given it a deep yellow color; then take it out and immerse it in clear water, and expose it in the water to the rays of the sun. In about 3 hours the ivory acquires a black color ; but the black surface, on being rubbed, soon becomes changed to a brilliant silver.

2007. To Clean Ivory Ornaments

2007.    To Clean Ivory Ornaments. When ivory ornaments get yellow or dusky-looking, wash them well in soap and water with a small brush, to clean the carvings, and place them, while wet, in full sunshine; wet them for 2 or 3 days, several times a day, with soapy water, still keeping them in the sun; then wash them again, and they will be beautifully white.

2008. Bone for Ornamental Purposes

2008.      Bone for Ornamental Purposes is treated in a similar way to ivory, but less carefully, owing to its inferior value. The bones of living animals may be dyed by mixing madder with their food. The bones of young pigeons may thus be tinged of a rose color in 24 hours, and of a deep scarlet in 3 or 4 days; but the bones of adult animals take fully 2 weeks to acquire a rose color. The bones nearest the heart become tinged soonest. In the same way logwood and the extract of logwood will tinge the bones of young pigeons purple.

2009. Ivory Size or Jelly

2009.    Ivory Size or Jelly. The dust or shavings (ivory dust, ivory shavings) of the turner, form a beautiful size or jelly when boiled in water.

2010. Artificial Ivory for Photography

2010. Artificial Ivory for Photography. Tablets for photography are made by mingling finely pulverized sulphate of baryta or heavy spar with gelatine or albumen, compressing the product into sheets and drying it.