See also Wood.

Oak Graining

Prepare a paint of two-thirds of white lead and one-third of golden ocher with the requisite amount of boiled linseed oil and a little drier, and cover the floor twice with this mixture, which possesses great covering power. When the last coating is dry, paint the floor with a thinly liquid paint consisting of varnish and sienna, applying the same in the longitudinal direction of the boards. Treat a strip about 20 inches wide at a time, and draw at once a broad paint brush or, in the absence of such, an ordinary brush or goose feather along the planks through the wet paint, whereupon the floor will acquire a nicely grained appearance. The paint requires several days to dry. A subsequent coating of varnish will cause the graining to stand out still more prominently.

Birch

Imitations of birch are usefully employed for furniture. The ground should be a light, clean buff, made from white lead, stained with either yellow ocher or raw sienna in oil. In graining, brush over the surface with a thin wash of warm brown, making the panel of 2 or 3 broad color shades. Then take a large mottler and mottle the darker parts into the light, working slantwise, as for maple, but leaving a broad and stiff mark. While this is still wet soften the panel and then slightly mottle across the previous work to break it up. When thoroughly dry, carefully wet the work over with clean water and clean mottler, and put in darker over-grain with a thin oak overgrainer or overgrainer in tubes.

Maple

Sixty pounds white lead; 1 ounce deep vermilion; 1 ounce lemon chrome.

Ash

Sixty pounds white lead; 1 ounce deep vermilion; 1 ounce lemon chrome.

Medium Oak

Sixty pounds white lead; 2 pounds French ocher; 1 ounce burnt umber.

Light Oak

Sixty pounds white lead; 1 ounce lemon chrome; 0.5 pound French ocher.

Dark Oak

Sixty pounds white lead; 10 pounds burnt umber; 1.5 pounds medium Venetian red.

Satin Wood

Sixty pounds white

lead; 1 ounce deep vermilion; 1.5 pounds lemon chrome.

Pollard Oak

Seventy-five pounds white lead; 20 pounds French ocher; 3 pounds burnt umber; 2.5 pounds medium Venetian red.

Pitch Pine

Sixty pounds white lead; 0.25 pound French ocher; 0.5 pound medium Venetian red.

Knotted Oak

Sixty pounds white lead; 9 pounds French ocher; 3.5 pounds burnt umber.

Italian Walnut

Sixty pounds white lead; 6 pounds French ocher; 1.5 pounds burnt umber; 1.25 pounds medium Venetian red.

Rosewood

Nine and one-half pounds burnt umber; 40 pounds medium Venetian red; 10 pounds orange chrome.

Dark Mahogany

Nine and one-half pounds burnt umber; 40 pounds medium Venetian red; 10 pounds orange chrome.

Light Mahogany

Sixty pounds white lead; 3 pounds burnt umber; 10 pounds medium Venetian red.

American Walnut

Thirty pounds white lead; 9 pounds French ocher; 4 pounds burnt umber; 1 pound medium Venetian red.