Rows of arches supported by columns, either having an open space of greater or less width behind them, or in contact with masonry, are called "Arcades." The arcade in Gothic corresponds to the colonnade in classical architecture.

Cuddy is a name first applied in East India trading ships to a cabin under the poop, where the men messed and slept. The same name was afterwards given to the only cabin in very small vessels, and sometimes to the cooking-room.

The bungalow is a species of house usually occupied by Europeans in the interior of India, and commonly provided for officers' quarters in cantonments. Bungalows are properly of only one story, with a veranda, and a pyramid roof, generally of thatch, although tiles are sometimes substituted.

Cock-fighting was a sport common among both the Greeks and the Romans, as to-day it is in India, the Malay countries, and Spanish America. In England it flourished for fully six centuries, and, though forbidden by law, is still practiced among the populace of British and American cities.

Cribbage, a game at cards, probably of English origin, is played with a pack of fifty-two cards; the scores accrue in consequence of certain combinations in play, hand, and crib (for an account of which see any treatise on the game). The scores are marked on a cribbage board pierced with holes.

The word canon literally means a "tube," a "cannon," and is the name given in western North America to a deep gorge or river ravine, between high precipitous cliffs. One of the best examples is the far-famed Canon of the Colorado.

Round Robin is the designation of a protest in writing, having the subscribers' names written in the form of a circle, so that no name appears first on the list. The custom is said to have originated amongst the officers of the French army.

Black and white beans or stones were used in very ancient times by the Greeks and Romans for voting at trials, the white acquitting and the black condemning. From this arose the modern custom of casting white and black balls at club and other elections.

The familiar term Blouse is the French name for a loose, sacklike over-garment somewhat answering to the English smock-frock. France is pre-eminently the country of blouses, ordinarily blue, worn not only by the country-people, but by workmen in towns.

A term applied to an intense admiration of the First Napoleon and his regime was Chauvinism. It is now applied to the political party in France which has for its object the aggrandisement of the Republic. It may be called an equivalent term to the English Jingoism.

In the social and economic sense of the word, co-operation generally means the association of work-people for the management of their own industrial interests, in store, workshop, or other undertaking, and the equitable distribution of profits among those who earn them.

A curious punishment in vogue amongst the Chinese, Turks and Persians, is that called the "Bastinado." The offender is thrown on his face, his feet fastened to a long stick, by which they are held with the soles upwards, and blows are then made on the soles with a cane.

Clubs are organizations of persons of similar professions, politics, or tastes for the promotion of some object. Many clubs have played an important part in history and some of those now existing in the great cities have a well-defined influence on manners, politics, and progress.

In 1877 the newspaper Nationale of Paris had ten pigeons which carried dispatches daily between Versailles and Paris in fifty to twenty minutes. In November, 1882, some pigeons, in face of a strong wind, made the distance of 160 miles from Canton Vaud to Paris in 61/2 hours, or 25 miles per hour.

Derby Day is the day on which the racing for the stakes instituted by Lord Derby in 1780 takes place on Epsom Downs, England. It is a great holiday for Londoners, and all classes are to be seen jostling together. The procession of people returning in the evening is a great sight, but, owing to the greater number traveling by rail, is less so than formerly. It is generelly held on the Wednesday following Trinity Sunday.

The total number of newspapers published in the world at present is estimated at about 40,000, distributed as follows: United States, 15,000; Germany, 5,500; Great Britain, 5,000. France, 4,092; Japan, 2,000; Italy, 1,400; Austria-Hungary, 1,200; Asia, exclusive of Japan, 1,000; Spain, 850; Russia, 800; Australia, 700; Greece, 600; Switzerland, 450; Holland, 300; Belgium, 300; all others, 1,000. Of these about half are printed in the English language.

A small money-gift to persons in an inferior condition on the day after Chistmas, is termed a Christmas-Box, which is hence popularly called Boxing-day. The term, and also the custom, are essentially English, though the making of presents at this season and at the New Year is of great antiquity.

Silver spoons whose handles ended in figures of the apostles, a common baptismal present in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, were called Apostle Spoons. The fashion has been revived in America in the custom of presenting "Souvenir" spoons on returning from a journey to a place of uncommon interest.

Following are the society titles of wedding anniversaries: First, cotton; second, paper; third, leather; fifth, wooden; seventh, woolen; tenth, tin; twelfth, silk and fine linen; fifteenth, crystal; twentieth, china; twenty-fifth, silver; thirtieth, pearl; fortieth, ruby; fiftieth, golden; seventy-fifth, diamond.

Suttee was a usage long prevalent in India, in accordance with which on the death of her husband the faithful widow burned herself on the funeral pyre along with her husband's body, or, if he died at a distance, was burned on a pyre of her own. The practice was in use in India as early as the times of the Macedonian Greeks.

Charivari is the name given in the middle ages to an assemblage of rag-a-muffins, armed with tin kettles, pans and fire shovels, who gathered, in the dark, outside the house of an obnoxious person to torment him by their hideous noise. The practice was denounced by the Council of Trent but still lingers in France and elsewhere.