List Of Known Azeotropic Mixtures. Part 3

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This section is from the book "Distillation Principles And Processes", by Sydney Young. Also available from Amazon: Distillation Principles And Processes.

List Of Known Azeotropic Mixtures. Part 3

Table 14. Ternary Azeotropic Mixtures - Minimum Boiling Point

	Substances in mixture.			Boiling points.			Percentages by weight in z. mixture.			Observer.
A.	B.	C.	A.	B.	c.	Az. mixture.	A.	B.	C.
Ethyl Alcohol	Water	Benzene	78.3	100.0	80.2	64.85	18.5	7.4	741	Y.
Isopropyl alcohol	Water	Benzene	82.45	100.0	80.2	66.5	18.7	7.5	73.8	Y.
Tert. butyl alcohol	Water	Benzene	82.55	100.0	80.2	67.3	21.4	8.1	70.5	Y.
n. Propyl alcohol	Water	Benzene	97.2	100.0	80.2	68.5	9.0	8.6	82.4	Y.
Allyl alcohol	Water	Benzene	97.05	100.0	80.14	68.21	9.2	8.6	82.2	W. & A., L.
Ethyl alcohol	Water	Cyclo-hexane	78.3	100.0	80.75	62.1	17	7	76	L.
Isopropyl alcohol	Water	Cyclo-hexane	82.45	100.0	80.75	64.3	18.5	7.5	74	L.
Text. butyl alcohol	Water	Cyclo-hexane	82.55	100.0	80.75	65	21	8	71	L.
n. Propyl alcohol	Water	Cyclo-hexane	97.2	100.0	80.75	66.55	10	8.5	81.5	L.
Allyl alcohol	Water	Cyclo-hexane	96.95	100.0	80.75	66.18	11	8	81	L.
Sec. butyl alcohol	Water	Cyclo-hexane	99.6	100.0	80.75	67	...	...	...	L.
Ethyl alcohol	Water	Cyclo-hexadiene, 1.3	78.3	100.0	80.8	63.6	20	7	73	L.
Isopropyl alcohol	Water	Cyclo-hexadiene, 1.3	82.45	100.0	80.8	65.7	...	...	...	L.
Text. butyl alcohol	Water	Cyclo-hexadiene, 1.3	82.55	100.0	80.8	66.7	...	...	...	L.
n. Propyl alcohol	Water	Cyclo-hexadiene, 1.3	97.2	100.0	80.8	67.75	12	9	80.8	L.
Allyl alcohol	Water	Cyclo-hexadiene, 1.3	96.95	100.0	80.8	67.5	...	...		L.
Ethyl alcohol	Water	Cyclo-hexene	78.3	100 0	82.75	64.05	20	7	73	L.
Isopropyl alcohol	Water	Cyclo-hexene	82.45	100.0	82.75	66.1	21.5	7.5	71	L.
Text. butyl alcohol	Water	Cyclo-hexene	82.55	100.0	82.75	67	...	...	...	L.
n. Propyl alcohol	Water	Cyclo-hexene	97.2	100.0	82.75	68.2	11.5	9	79.5	L.
Allyl alcohol	Water	Cyclo-hexene	96.95	100.0	82.75	67.95	11	8.5	80.5	L.
Isobutyl alcohol	Water	Cyclo-hexene	108	100 0	82.75	69.5	...	...	...	L.
n. Butyl alcohol	Water	Cyclo-hexene	116.9	100.0	82.75	70.2	...			L.
Ethyl alcohol	Water	Methyl cyclo-hexane	78.3	100.0	101.8	70.5	...	...	...	L.
Ethyl alcohol	Water	Toluene	78.3	100.0	110.7	74.55	...	...	...	Y.
Isopropyl alcohol	Water	Toluene	82.45	100.0	110.7	76.2	...	...	...	Y-,L.
n. Propyl alcohol	Water	Toluene	97.2	100.0	110.7	80.05	...	...	...	L.
Allyl alcohol	Water	Toluene	96.95	100.0	110.7	80.2	...	...	...	L

	Substances in mixture.			Boiling points.			Percentages by weight in Az. mixture.			Observer.
A.	B.	C.	A.	B.	c.	Az. mixture.	A.	B.	C.
Dimethyl ethyl	Water	Toluene	102°	100.0	110.7	820	. . .	. . .	. . .	L.
Carbinol Isobutyl alcohol	Water	Toluene	108	100.0	110.7	83	. . .	. . .	. . .	L.
Isobutyl alcohol	Water	Ethyl benzene	108	100.0	136.15	89.5	. . .	. . .	. . .	L.
Ethyl alcohol	Water	Diallyl	78.3	100.0	60.2	52	. . .	. . .	. . .	L.
Ethyl alcohol	Water	n. Hexane	78.3	100.0	68.95	56.6	. . .	. . .	. . .	Y.
Isopropyl alcohol	Water	n. Hexane	82.45	100.0	68.95	58.2	. . .	. . .	. . .	Y., L.
Text. butyl alcohol	Water	n. Hexane	82.55	100.0	68 95	58.9	. . .	. . .	. . .	L.
n. Propyl alcohol	Water	n. Hexane	97.2	100.0	68.95	59.95	. . .	. . .	. . .	Y.
Allyl alcohol	Water	n. Hexane	96.95	100.0	68.95	59.7	5	. . .	90	L.
Sec. butyl alcohol	Water	n. Hexane	99.6	100.0	68.95	61.1	. . .	. . .	...	L.
Ethyl alcohol	Water	n. Heptane	78.3	100.0	98.45	69.5	. . .	. . .	...	L.
Ethyl alcohol	Water	Acetylene dichloride, tr.	78.3	100.0	48.35	44.4	4.4	1.1	94.5	Cv.
Ethyl alcohol	Water	Acetylene dichloride, cis.	78.3	100.0	60.25	53.8	6.65	2.85	90.5	Cv.
Ethyl alcohol	Water	Chloroform	78.3	100.0	61.15	55.5	4.0	3.5	92.5	W. &F.
Ethyl alcohol	Water	Isobutyl chloride	78.3	100.0	68.85	58.6	13	4.5	82.5	L.
Ethyl alcohol	Water	Propyl bromide	78.3	100.0	71.0	60	12	5	83	L.
Ethyl alcohol	Water	Ethyl iodide	78.3	100.0	72.3	61	9	5	85	L.
Ethyl alcohol	Water	Carbon tetrachloride	78.3	100.0	76.75	61.8	9.7	4.3	86.0	Hi., L.
Ethyl alcohol	Water	Ethylene dichloride	78.3	100.0	83.7	66.7	17	5	78	L.
Ethyl alcohol	Water	Trichlorethylene	78.3	100.0	86.95	67.25	.3	5	69	L.
Ethyl alcohol	Water	Isobutyl bromide	78.3	100.0	91.6	69.5	25	8	65	L.
Text. butyl alcohol	Water	Carbon tetrachloride	82.55	100.0	76.75	64.7*	11.9	31	85.0	A. (*768 mm.)
Allyl alcohol	Water	Carbon tetrachloride	96.95	100.0	76.75	65.15	11	5	84	L.
Allyl alcohol	Water	Trichlorethylene	96.95	100.0	86.95	71.4	12.5	7.6	80	L.
Allyl alcohol	Water	Dichloro-bromo-methane	96.95	100.0	90.2	76	. . .	. . .	. . .	L.
n. Propyl alcohol	Water	Carbon tetrachloride	97.2	100.0	76.75	65.4	11	5	84	L
n. Propyl alcohol	Water	Trichlorethylene	97.2	100.0	86.95	71.55	12	7	81	L.
n. Propyl alcohol	Water	Allyl iodide	97.2	100.0	102	78.15	20	8	72	L.
n. Propyl alcohol	Water	Propyl iodide	97.2	100.0	102.4	78.25	...	...	. . .	L.

	Substances in mixture.			Boiling points.			Percentages by weight in Az. mixture.			Observer.
A.	B.	C.	A.	B.	c.	Az. mixture.	A.	B.	c.
n. Propyl alcohol	Water	Tetrachlorethylene	o 97.2	o 100.0	o 120.8	o 88.8	...	...	...	L.
Isobutyl alcohol	Water	Trichlorethylene	108	100.0	86.95	72.7	...	...	...	L.
Isobutyl alcohol	Water	Dichloro-bromo -methane	108	100 0	90.2	77.5	...	...	...	L.
Ethyl alcohol	Water	Ethyl acetate	78.3	100.0	7715	70.23	8.4	90	82.6	W., M.
Propyl alcohol	Water	Diethyl ketone	97.2	100.0	102.2	81.24	20	20	60	L.
Propyl alcohol	Water	Nitromethane	97.2	100.0	101.2	81.85	...	25	...	L.
Methyl ethyl ketone	Water	Carbon tetrachloride	79.6	100.0	76.75	65.7	22.2	3 0	74.8	A.
Diethyl ketone	Water	Nitromethane	102.2	100.0	101.2	82.4	66	18	.7	L.
Methyl alcohol	Ethyl bromide	Carbon disulphide	64.7	38.4	46.25	33.92	10	50	40	L.
Methyl alcohol	Methyl iodide	Carbon disulphide	64.7	42.6	46.25	35.95	...	...	...	L.
Methyl alcohol	Ethyl bromide	Trimethylethane	64.7	38.4	37.15	31.4	15	55	30	L.
Methyl alcohol	Methyl iodide	Methylal	64.7	42.6	42.25	38.5	...	...	...	L.
Methyl alcohol	Methyl acetate	Carbon disulphide	64.7	57.0	46.25	37	...	. . .	...	L.
Methyl alcohol	Methylal	Carbon disulphide	64.7	42.25	46.25	35.55	7	38	55	L.
Methyl alcohol	Acetone	Isobutyl chloride	64.7	56.25	68.85	52	...	...	...	L.
Ethyl alcohol	Chloroform	n. Hexane	78.3	61.2	68.95 .	58.3	...	...	. . .	L.
Isopropyl alcohol	Ethyl acetate	Cyclo-hexane	82.45	77-05	80.75	68.3	...	...	...	L.
Glycol '	Aniline	Carvene	197.4	184.35	177.8	162.45	...	...	...	L.
Propionic acid	Ethylene bromide	Chlorobenzene	140.7	131.5	131.8	127.5	...	...	...	L.
Isobutyric acid	Bromobenzene	Pinene, a	154.35	156.1	155.8	146.4	...	...	...	L.
Isobutyric acid	Anisol	Pinene, a	154.35	153.85	155.8	143.9	...	...	...	L.
Methyl formate	Ethyl bromide	Isopentane	31.9	38.4	27.95	16.95	52	5	43	L.
Methyl formate	Ethyl bromide	Trimethylethylene	31.9	38.4	37.15	24.1	...	...	...	L.
Methyl formate	Carbon disulphide	Trimethylethylene	31.9	46.25	3715	24	...	...	...	L.
Methyl formate	Ether	n. Pentane	31.9	34.6	3615	20.4	40	8	52	L.
Methyl formate	Ether	Trimethylethylene	31.9	34.6	.37.15	24	...	...	...	L.
Amyl formate	Tetrachlorethylene	Paraldehyde	123.6	120.8	124	117.6	25	45	30	L.
Propyl lactate	Phenetol	Menthene	171.7	171.5	170.8	163.0	31	33	36	L.
Isobutyl lactate	Benzyl chloride	Carvene	182.15	179.35	177.8	172.5	...	...	...	L.

References in Tables 12 to 14.

A. = Atkins, Trans. Chem. Soc, 1920, 117, 218 ; and (with G. Barr) Reports of Advisory Com. for Aeronautics, 1916, T, 752.

An. = Andre, Compt. rend., 1897, 126, 1187; 1898, 126, 1105; Bull. Soc.

chim., Paris, 1899, (3), 21, 278 and 285.

B. =Baud, Bull. Soc. chim., Paris, 1909, (4), 5, 1022.

Be. =Berthelot, M.P.E., Compt. rend., 1863, 57, 430 and 985 ; Ann. Ch. Ph.,

1864, (4), 1, 384. Ch. = Chancel, Compt. rend., 1869, 68, 659; Bull. Soc. chim., Paris, 1869,

(2), 12, 87. Cv. =Chavanne, Bull. Soc. chim,. de Belg., 1913, 27, 205; Compt. rend.,

1914,158, 1698. D. = Dittmar, Chem. News, 1876, 33, 53 ; Proc. Glasgow Philos. Soc, 1877,

10,63 F. =Friedel, Compt. rend., 1875, 81, 152; Bull. Soc. chim., Paris, 1875,

II., (2), 24, 160. Ga. = Gardner, Ber., 1890, 23, 1587.

Go. =Golodetz, Patent 1911, Kl. 12a, No. 286,425.

Gol. =Goldschmidt and Constam, Ber., 1883,16, 2976.

Gu. = Guthrie, Phil. Mag., 1884., [V.], 18, 512.

H. = Holley, Journ. Amer. Chem. Soc, 1902, 24, 448.

Hi. = Hill, Trans. Chem. Soc, 1912, 101, 2467.

Hy. = Haywood, Journ. Phys. Chem., 1897, 1, 232 ; 1899, 3, 317.

J. & Y. =Jackson and Young, Trans. Chem. Soc, 1898, 73, 922. • J. & G. = Jana and Gupta, Journ. Amer. Chem. Soc, 1914, 36, 115. K. =Konowalow, Wied. Ann., 1881, 14, 34.

L. =Lecat, La Tension de va~eur des melinges de liqu'des, l'Azeotropisme,

Brussels, 1918. Li. =Linebarger, Journ. Amer. Chem. Soc, 1895,17, 615 and 690.

M. = Merriman, Trans. Chem. Soc, 1913, 103, 1790.

Ma. = Marshall, ibid., 1906, 89, 1350.

Ne. =Nernst, Zeitschr. physik. Chem., 1891, 8, 110.

N. & W. =Noyes and Warfel, Journ. Amer. Chem. Soc, 1901, 23, 463. P. =Pettit, Journ. Phys. Chem., 1899, 3, 349.

R. =Roscoe, Quart. Journ. Chem. Soc, 1861, 13, 146; 1862, 15, 270;

Proc Roy. Soc, 1862, 11, 493. Ro. = Rosanoff and others, Journ. Amer. Chem. Soc, 1909, 31, 953; 1914,

36, 1803 and 1993 ; 1915, 37, 301. Ry. =Ryland, Amer. Chem. Journ., 1899, 22, 384.

S. & B. = Steele and Baxter, Trans. Chem. Soc, 1910, 97, 2607. Sch. =Schreinemakers, Zeitschr. physik. Chem., 1904, 47, 445 ; 48, 257.

Th. = Thayer, Journ. Phys. Chem., 1898, 2, 382 ; 1899, 3, 36.

T. = Thorpe, Trans. Chem. Soc, 1879, 35, 544.

Ti. = Timofeev, Bull, de l'lnst. polytech. de Kiev, 1905, p. 1.

Ty. =Tyrer, Trans. Chem. Soc, 1912, 101, 1104.

Vr. =Vrevskij, Zeitschr. physik. Chem., 1912-13, 81, 1; 1913, 83, 551.

V. & D. = Vincent and Delachanel, Compt. rend., 1880, 90, 747. W. =Wade, Trans. Chem. Soc, 1905, 87, 1656.

W. & A. = Wallace & Atkins, ibid., 1912, 101, 1179 and 1958. W. & F. =Wade and Finnemore, ibid., 1904, 85, 938 ; 1909, 95, 1842. W. & M. =Wade and Merriman, ibid., 1911, 99, 997. Y. = Young, ibid., 1902, 81, 707 and 768 ; 1903, 83, 68 and 77, and data not published elsewhere. Y. & F. =Young and Fortey, ibid., 1902, 81, 717, 739 and 752 ; 1903, 83, 45. Z. = Zawidski, Zeitschr. physik. Chem., 1900, 35, 129.

See also Hartman, " On the First Plait in Van der Waals's Free Energy Surface for Mixtures of Two Substances," Journ. Phys. Chem., 1901, 5, 425.

No ternary mixture of maximum boiling point has yet been discovered, but Lecat has pointed out a probable case of a quaternary mixture of minimum boiling point. Of the four liquids, methylal, methyl iodide, methyl alcohol and carbon disulphide, each of the six possible pairs and each of the four possible triplets form azeotropic mixtures of minimum boiling point, and Lecat considers it probable that a mixture of all four liquids boils at a slightly lower temperature than the most volatile of the ternaiy mixtures. The data are given below:-

Substance.		Boiling points.
Methylal .	A 42.25°	Ab 39.35°	Abc 38.5°	Abcd 35.5° (?)
Methyl iodide .	B 42.6	Ac 41.82	Abd 37.2 (?)
Methvl alcohol.	C 64.7	Ad 37.25	Acd 35.55
Carbon disulphide .	D 46.25	Bc 39.0	Bcd 35.95
		Bd 41.65
		Cd 37.65

Influence of Pressure (Temperature) on the Composition of

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List Of Known Azeotropic Mixtures. Part 3

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List Of Known Azeotropic Mixtures. Part 3

Table 14. Ternary Azeotropic Mixtures - Minimum Boiling Point

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