Art. 35. The following are judicial persons:

1. The corporations, associations, and institutions of public interest recognized by law.

Their personality begins from the very instant in which, in accordance with law, they are validly established.

2. The associations of private interest, be they civil, commercial, or industrial, to which the law grants personality, independent of that of each member thereof.

Art. 36. The associations referred to in No. 2 of the foregoing article, shall be governed by the provisions of their articles of association, according to the nature of the latter.

Art. 37. The civil capacity of corporations shall be governed by the laws which have created or recognized them; that of associations by their by-laws, and that of institutions by the rules of their establishment, duly approved by an administrative act, when this requisite is necessary.

Art. 38. Judicial persons may acquire and possess property of all kinds, as well as contract obligations and institute civil or criminal actions in accordance with the laws and rules of their establishment.

The church shall be governed, in this particular, by what has been agreed upon by both powers, and educational and charitable institutions by the provisions of special laws.

Art. 39. When corporations, associations, and institutions have ceased to act, by reason of the termination of the period which during they legally acted, or on account of having attained the ends for which they were established, or because it has become impossible to apply thereto the activity and the means which were at their disposal, the property shall be disposed of as may have been determined upon by the laws or by-laws or articles of their establishment. If nothing has been previously fixed, the property shall be used for similar purposes in the interests of the region, province, or municipality which may have principally reaped the benefits of the extinct institutions.