Since the contract of an insane person is voidable, it may be ratified. This may be effected by an express promise to perform the contract. Thus a conveyance may be ratified by reac-knowledging the deed and having it signed by another attesting witness.1 Conduct may also amount to a ratification if unequivocal.2 Thus knowingly retaining property received under the contract,3 especially if it has meanwhile depreciated greatly,4 or receiving the benefit of the contract,5 may amount to a ratification. However, a guardian's entering every room in the house or bringing a suit, which abates by the death of the ward and is never revived, is not ratification.6 The insane person on recovering his reason,7 or his personal representatives on his death,8 may ratify his contract. However, neither the insane person while insane, nor his guardian, nor the county court, nor all of them together, can affirm a conveyance made by him while insane.9 A ratification precludes subsequent disaffirmance.10

7 Jackson v. King, 4 Cowen (N. Y.) 207; 15 Am. Dec. 354.

8 owing's Case, 1 Bland Ch. (Md.) 370; 17 Am. Dec. 311.

9 Helbreg v. Schumann, 150 111. 12; 41 Am. St. Rep. 339; 37 N. E. 99.

10 Clay v. Hammond, 199 111. 370; 93 Am. St. Rep. 146; 65 N. E. 352.

1 Doran v. McConlogue, 150 Pa. St. 98; 24 Atl. 357.

2 Beasley v. Beasley, 180 111. 163; 54 N. E. 187.

3 Barry v. Hospital (Cal.), 48 Pac. 68; Strodder v. Granite Co., 99 Ga. 595; 27 S. E. 174.

4 Bunn v. Postell, 107 Ga. 490; 33 S. E. 707.

5 Allis v. Billings, 6 Met. (Mass.)

415; 39 Am. Dec. 744; Gibson v. R. R. Co., 164 Pa. St. 142; 44 Am. St. Rep. 586; 30 Atl. 308.

6 McAnaw v. Tiffin, 143 Mo. 667; 45 S. W. 656.

7 Barry v. Hospital (Cal.), 48 Pac. 68; Stroder v. Granite Co., 99 Ga. 595; 27 S. E. 174; Beasley v. Beasley, 180 111. 163; 54 N. E. 187; Louisville, etc., Ry. v. Herr, 135 Ind. 591; 35 N. E. 556; Whitcomb v. Hardy, 73 Minn. 285; 76 N. W. 29; Allis v. Billings, 6 Met. (Mass.) 415; 39 Am. Dec. 744; Gibson v. R. R. Co., 164 Pa. St. 142; 44 Am. St. Rep. 586; 30 Atl. 308.

8 Bunn v. Postell, 107 Ga. 490; 33 S. E. 707; Bullard v. Moor, 158 Mass. 418; 33 N. E. 928.