At modern law, checks payable to bearer or to order,1 even if postdated,2 and certificates of deposit, at least if containing a promise to pay,3 are negotiable.

7 United States. Murphy v. Improvement Co., 97 Fed. 723.

Alabama. Louisville Banking Co. v. Gray, 123 Ala. 251, 82 Am. St. Rep. 120, 26 So. 205.

Illinois. Siegel v. Bank, 131 111. 569, 19 Am. St. Rep. 51, 7 L. R. A. 537, 23 N. E. 417.

Indiana. Clanin v. Machine Co., 118 Ind. 372, 3 L. R. A. 863, 21 N. E. 35.

Maine. Hatch v. Bank, 94 Me. 348, 80 Am. St. Rep. 401, 47 Atl. 908.

Michigan. Choate v. Stevens, 116 Mich. 28, 43 L. R. A. 277, 74 N. W. 289.

Missouri. Famous Shoe Co. v. Cross-white, 124 Mo. 34, 46 Am. St. Rep. 424, 26 L. R. A. 568, 27 S. W. 397.

Montana. First National Bank v. Barrett, 52 Mont. 359, 157 Pac. 951.

Nebraska. Kirkwood v. Bank, 40 Neb. 484, 42 Am. St. Rep. 683, 24 L. R. A. 444, 58 N. W. 1016.

New York. Chase National Bank v. Faurot, 149 N. Y. 532, 35 L. R. A. 605, 44 N. E. 164.

North Dakota. Hollinshead v. Stuart, 8 N. D. 35, 42 L. R. A. 659, 77 N. W. 89.

Pennsylvania. Albertson v. Laugh-lin, 173 Pa. St. 525, 51 Am. St. Rep. 777, 34 Atl. 216.

Rhode Island. American National Bank v. Paper Co., 19 R. I. 149, 61 Am. St. Rep. 746, 29 L. R. A. 103, 32 Atl. 305.

South Carolina. McLaughlin v. Brad-dy, 63 S. Car. 433, 90 Am. St. Rep. 681. 41 S. E. 523.

South Dakota. Merrill v. Hurley, 6 S. D. 592. 55 Am. St. Rep. 859, 62 N. W. 958.

Tennessee. Ferriss v. Tavel, 87 Tenn. 386, 3 L. R. A. 414, 11 S. W. 93.

8 Colley v. Summers-Parrott Hardware Co., 119 Va. 439, 89 S. E. 906.

1 United States. Bull v. Bank, 123 U. S. 105, 31 L. ed. 97.

Indiana. Johnson v. Harrison, 177 Ind. 240, 39 L. R. A. (N.S.) 1207, 97 N. E. 930.

Iowa. Leach v. Hill, 106 la. 171, 76 N. W. 667.

Kentucky. Humphries v. Bicknell, 12 Ky. (2 Litt.) 296, 13 Am. Dec. 268.

Massachusetts. Shepard, etc., Co., v. Eldridge, 171 Mass. 516, 68 Am. St. Rep. 446, 41 L. R. A. 617, 51 N. E. 9.

Nebraska. Swenson Brothers Co. v. Commercial State Bank, 98 Neb. 702, L. R. A. 1917F, 1096, 154 N. W. 233.

New Hampshire. Barnet v. Smith, 30 N. H. 256, 64 Am. Dec. 290.

2 American Agricultural Chemical Co. v. Scrimger, 130 Md. 389, 100 Atl. 774; Triphonoff v. Sweeney, 65 Or. 299, 130 Pac. 979.

3 United States. Miller v. Austen, 54 U. S. (13 How.) 218, 14 L. ed. 119; Bank v. Trust Co., 105 Fed. 491; National City Bank v. Titlow, 233 Fed. 838.

Georgia. Chandler v. Smith, 147 Ga. 637, 95 S. E. 223.

Illinois. Kavanagh v. Bank, 239 111. 404, 88 N. E. 171.

Ohio. Citizens' National Bank v. Brown, 45 O. S. 39, 4 Am. St. Rep. 526, 11 N. E. 799.

Wisconsin. Curran v. Witter, 68 Wis. 16, 60 Am. Rep. 827, 31 N. W. 705.

Deposits in a savings bank are usually made under contract that they are payable only on production of the pass-book in which such deposit is entered. This differs from similar provisions with reference to the return of certificates of deposit, in that the entries in the pass-book are mere receipts or memoranda of the money deposited. Accordingly, such pass-books are not negotiable.4