In order to secure exactness in construction in cardboard or wood the pupil must be taught to read and intelligently use the ruler, and in the foregoing series of lessons two periods per week are devoted to instruction in measurement.

But ten minutes are given to the first lesson. The idea of measuring, by inches, having been well developed by using inch sticks and tablets, the pupils are provided with rulers marked off in one-inch spaces, and these, together with the sticks, furnish material for many additional lessons, the child being taught to measure from any given point on the ruler in either direction. This development should not be hurried; exercises in judging and then testing measurements of various tablets and objects should be given, and results should be satisfactory, if at the end of first school year the pupils are able to space and rule both horizontal and vertical lines, and cut strips of paper to given lengths.

Variety and pleasure are given by using black pencils for spacing and colored ones for ruling the lines. The idea of one-half inch is introduced into the work of the next year {advanced first), beginning with the ruling of parallel lines, then drawing to measurement various rectangular figures, introducing in the latter part of the school year the development of simple folding boxes. This work is carried on through the second and third year, by a succession of graded models made up in various materials.

For all cardboard work the Essex bristol is used. This is comparatively inexpensive and may be secured in a variety of colors. Portfolios, frames, pocketbooks, etc., are covered with leatherette, and a heavy quality of book-cover paper is used for the construction of many of the models.

One period per week is taken for weaving. Harmonious combinations of two colors of book-cover paper, cut into strips one inch wide for elementary first, and one-half inch for advanced first, form the basis; and from this are constructed napkin rings, baskets, picture frames, and boxes of various shapes and sizes.

In the second and third year reeds and raphia are furnished, and by combinations of both of these, many easily constructed gifts, such as mats, baskets, chairs, etc., can be made and preserved for use at Christmas or Easter time.

Two periods per week are given to lessons in construction - the material for first two years being various shades of "bluefiber" or "eel-skin" paper, cut into squares 6" x 6" and folded into most delightful forms, complete sets of furniture for dolls' houses being easily made by little fingers. This paper creases easily, retains its shape and is very inexpensive, thirty cents covering all cost for a class of fifty, twenty models for each child.

Variety is given to the work of the second year by using glass, cardboard, thin wood, or tin, in the production of kaleidoscopes, bandilores, jumping-jacks, swings, etc.

The boy in third year is eager and well-fitted to take up bench work, and the girl to be initiated into the cutting and making of dolls' garments; from now on the manual training teacher finds his pupils equipped with a fund of knowledge which will prove helpful in the making and understanding of working drawings.