Blooms and large billets are held during forging by a chuck and porter bar, or by a porter bar clamped to one end of the forging. Smaller billets are gripped by heavy tongs made to conform to the size of the billet end. The combined weight of billet and tongs is balanced in the loop of an endless chain hung from the crane.

The principal steam-hammer tools are as follows, shown in Fig. 149:

(1) The hammer-chisel, for cutting hot iron nearly in two from one side.

(2) The snapping bar, round at one end and triangular at the other end, for finishing, from the opposite side the cutting begun by the hammer-chisel. To cut completely through with the chisel would injure the chisel against the anvil.

Fig. 148. - Steam Hammer.

(3) The necking tool, for making a square or filletted shoulder.

(4) The fuller bar, a round bar for reducing and grooving forgings.

(5) The tapering and fullering tool, used as shown at 5a.

(6) The set, a square bar for squaring corners in narrow parts of a forging.

(7) The spring swage.

(8) The punch.

A tool is held against the forging and it receives the blows of the hammer. The handles of these tools are from 3 to 6 feet long, of iron.

Fig. 149. - Steam Hammer Tools.