3. Copal Varnishes

1. Melt in an iron pan at a slow heat, copal gum powdered, eight parts, and add balsam copaiva, previously warmed, two parts. Then remove from the fire, and add spirits of turpentine, also warmed beforehand, ten parts, to give the necessary consistence. 2. Prepared gum copal ten parts, gum mastic two parts, finely powdered, are mixed with white turpentine and boiled linseed oil, of each one part, at a slow heat, and with spirits of turpentine twenty parts. 8. Prepared gum-copal ten parts, white turpentine two parts, dissolve in spirits of turpentine.

Gum-copal is prepared or made more soluble in spirits of turpentine, by melting the powdered crude gum, afterwards again powdering, and allowing to stand for some time loosely covered.

Cabinet Varnish

Copal, fused, fourteen pounds; linseed oil, hot, one gallon; turpentine, hot, three gallons. Properly boiled, such a varnish will dry in ten minutes.

Table Varnish

Damma resin, one pound; spirits of turpentine, two pounds; camphor, two hundred grains. Digest the mixture for twenty-four hours. The decanted portion is fit for immediate use.

Common Table Varnish

Oil of turpentine, one pound; bees' wax, two ounces; colophony, one drachm.

Copal Varnish For Inside Work

1. Pounded and oxidixed copal, twenty-four parts; spirit of turpentine, forty parts; camphor, one part. - 2. Flexible Copal Varnish. Copal in powder, sixteen parts; camphor, two parts; oil of lavender, ninety parts.

Dissolve the camphor in the oil, heat the latter, and stir in the copal in successive portions until complete solution takes place. Thin with sufficient turpentine to make it of proper consistence.

Best Body Copal Varnish For Coach Makers, &C

This is intended for the body parts of coaches and other similar vehicles, intended for polishing. Fuse eight lbs. of fine African gum copal, and two gallons of clarified oil, boil it very slowly for four or five hours, until quite stringy, mix with three gallons and a half of turpentine; strain off and pour it into a cistern. If this is too slow in drying, coach makers, painters and varnish-makers have introduced to two pots of the preceding varnish, one made as follows; eight lbs. of fine pale gum-anime, two gallons of clarified oil and three and a half gallons of turpentine. To be boiled four hours.

Copal Polish

Digest or shake finely powdered gum copal four parts, and gum camphor one part, with either to form a semi-fluid mass, and then digest with a sufficient quantity of alcohol.

White Spirit Varnish

Sandarach, 250 parts; mastic, in tears, 64; elemi resin, 32; turpentine, 64; alcohol of 85 per cent, 1000 parts, by measure. The turpentine is to be added after the resins are dissolved. This is a brilliant varnish, but not so hard as to bear polishing.