This section is from the book "Wrinkles And Recipes, Compiled From The Scientific American", by Park Benjamin. Also available from Amazon: Wrinkles and Recipes, Compiled From The Scientific American.
A practical machinist says:
"I have run a piece of machinery in rawhide boxes for fourteen years without oil; it is good yet, and runs at 4500 per minute. I put it in while soft, and let it, remain until dry."
If a shaft springs in running, the trouble lies probably in either a too small diameter of the shaft for its weight and velocity, a set of unbalanced pulleys, or an unequal strain on either side by the belts.
A mixture of black-lead and soap.
Immerse the unburnt gypsum for 15 minutes in water containing 8 or 10 per cent of sulphuric acid, and then calcine it. Prepared in this way it sets slowly, but makes excellent casts, which are perfectly white instead of the usual grayish tint.
Beautiful semi-transparent casts of fancy articles may be taken in a compound of 2 parts unbaked gypsum, 1 part bleached beeswax, and 1 part paraffine. This becomes plastic at 120°, and is quite tough.
Soak in moderately strong acetic acid for two days, drain, place on a sieve, and wash well with cold water. Dry on a warm plate.
A good composition for this purpose is made of chalk, glue, and paper-paste.
Five parts of sifted whiting mixed with a solution of 1 part glue, together with a little Venice turpentine to obviate the brittleness, makes a good plastic material, which may be kneaded into figures or any desired shape. It should be kept warm while being worked. It becomes as hard as stone when dry.
Take the crumb of a new-drawn white loaf, mould in a mass until the whole becomes as close as wax and very pliable. Then heat and roll with a rolling-pin. Mould it to the required shape, and dry in a stove.
Heat a piece of glass, and rub a little wax over it with a bit of cotton-wool. Pour water over the plate, and press the picture down upon it with a piece of filtering-paper. When dry, the picture is removed, and will be found to possess a brilliant surface.
Immerse in a hot solution of glue long enough for the mass to be well saturated. They will bear a nail driven in without cracking.
Sandarac varnish is the best material. Saturate the broken surfaces thoroughly, press them well together, and allow them to dry.
Glycerine is said to be a good coating for the interior, but practical plaster moulders still use. as of old, a mixture of lard and oil.
Lead 9 parts, antimony 2, bismuth 1. This expands on cooling.
Dissolve in nitric acid and precipitate the chloride of silver with a solution of common salt. The silver is reduced to a pure state by mixing the chloride with an equal weight of bicarbonate of soda and smelting in a common sand crucible.
 
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