The ancient, most famous wines of this country were those of Chorassan, Turan, and Mazanderan. These places still produce wines; but their characteristics and reputation have, it is affirmed, become blended in the wine of Shiraz, in the province of Ferdistan, on the Persian Gulf. Chardin, the Frenchman, describes this wine as of excellent quality, but of course not so fine as the French wines. The German, Kampfer, puts Shiraz on the same level with the best Burgundy and Champagne. He who wishes to learn the nature of the wine of Shiraz should consult the Diwan of Hafiz. How far this poet speaks of wine literally understood, and how far of spiritual delights, is a matter for commentatorial investigation. Persian wine is frequently mixed with raki and saffron, and the extract of hemp. Sherbet, made of fruit juices and water, is English rather than Oriental.

1 "Let no man," says the Talmud, "send his neighbour wine with oil upon its surface." - Chulin, fol. 94, col. 1.

Portugal: Peso da Regoa - Four Methods of Cultivation of Vine -White and Black Ports - The Quintas - Tarragona - Charneco. Russia: Kahetia - Gumbrinskoé. Sicily: Marsala. Spain: Malaga - Sherry - Amontillado. Switzerland: Chiavenna -St. Gall - The Canton of Vaud. Cider: Derivation -Ainsworth - Gerard - Bacon - Evelyn - Turberville - Macau-lay - Phillips- Perry.