The three methods of lighting, direct, indirect, and semi-indirect, are dependent for their efficiency on the type of shade or reflector employed. By means of reflectors, light may be concentrated on a small spot or spread out over a large area.

In the direct method of lighting, the fight falls or is reflected directly on the objects to be lighted. Although the maximum amount of light is furnished by this method, the disadvantages of a light that is too brilliant and concentrated are now recognized. If a drop light is used for close work, it is advisable at the same time to have another light for the general illumination of the room in order to prevent a strain on the eyes produced by the contrast of a small brilliantly lighted area in a practically dark room.

In indirect lighting all the light is reflected upward by an opaque reflector and returned to the room diffused generally from the ceiling. This method is the most comfortable for the eyes, but the most expensive.

In semi-indirect lighting a diffusing bowl allows some of the light to pass through the bowl to the room and the remainder to be thrown up to the ceiling. This is a good method for the general illumination of a room.