This section is from the book "The American Garden Vol. XI", by L. H. Bailey. Also available from Amazon: American Horticultural Society A to Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants.
Last season we had three-fourths of a man and half of a horse to each acre, in the way of "help." This was enough to plant, care for, harvest and market the products of the garden up to date. Our greenhouse brought in 50 cents for each foot of glass. The hot beds were run with half a sash to each sash space in the beds, during the time from December to May. The crops sold aggregated in value as much as the value of the land on which they grew. We do not consider the year a very unprofitable one.
Peas were sowed early, matured early, and sold for a good price. Lettuce, both early and late, were good and prices were good. Beans all through the season, in six successive sowings, blasted after attaining half their growth, and the crop was almost a failure; the pods blasted, black spots coming on them,being a total failure in some lines. Potatoes were about half a crop, as they rotted badly. Cucumbers under glass were as good as usual; later ones outside were the poorest crop ever known here - almost a complete failure. Tomatoes were slow to ripen, and there were but few early ones; the bulk of the crop ripened within two weeks, and consequently sold on a full market for only 20 cents a bushel; there was an unusually large crop. Squashes, both summer and winter varieties, were good, but the late ones matured imperfectly, and in the late warm weather have rotted badly.
Sweet corn was very unsatisfactory, having imperfect ears and being of slow growth. Onions blasted when half grown with most growers. Cabbages were very uneven, some very fine and some poor; the crop has been low in market during the fall, but many are holding for an expected rise. Cauliflowers have rotted badly in all stages of growth, and many fine heads rotted after tying up to bleach, Beets, the early ones, were good, the late ones small and many of them below marketable size. Celery never was a larger crop, yet the blast, or yellow leaf, overtook some lots in the later stages of growth. Single roots, after being prepared for market, have weighed four pounds. Turnips were as good as usual; the White Egg variety maintains its reputation as a wormy turnip, and many fields of it this year were not harvested, at least for market. Parsnips and carrots are variable, showing both the best and the poorest crops seen in this section for years. Peppers were good but late, and many of them caught by the early frost.
Pole lima beans failed to ripen more than half a crop. The new bush lima matured the larger share of its pods, and very few failed to contain beans. Spinach, especially the fall crop, was particularly fine. Here is given the season's outcome in this section. All thing considered, we call it an average year for profit.
The failures are largely due to cool, wet and cloudy weather. Such experiences point anew to the value of glass in the garden, and the grower that keeps up with the procession must use more and more glass.
An object lesson in growing under glass has been two houses under one management, one of them a 12-foot wide span roof house covered with hot-bed sash, on rafters of 2x4 stuff; the other a lean-to house facing the south, set with 16x24 glass, on 2½ X 1½ inch rafters. Up to November 15 no artificial heat was used in either house. In the house set with large glass, the lettuce has grown as fast again and looks better every way, and yet in this locality the new houses are put up on the narrow glass, heavy-rafter, span-roof plan. I propose to use after this only the large-pane, light-rafter pattern for all new work. This matter of building, heating and using glass structures is a very important one, and also one on which growers differ radically; we do not seem to follow any one man's lead, but every one his own ideal, and the end is not yet. New methods open up constantly, and the man that is without sufficient complement of glass is sure to lose ground.
Hampden County, Mass. W. H. Bull.
 
Continue to: