Dr. Lindley next touches on the apple; fortunately he has referred to three English varieties which are supposed to be in the winter of their age; the Golden Pippin, Golden Hervey, and the Red-streak. Respecting the Golden Pippin, he states that healthy trees were many years since shown to exist in Norfolk, and in warm dry, places this variety has no particular appearance of suffering. Trees of it are growing vigorously in Madeira. It is also growing in France, whence trees have been brought to England, which are said to be recruited by the fine dry climate of the former country, and this is considered to be a conclusive answer to Mr. Knight's hypothesis. Previously, however, to arriving at this positive conclusion, Dr. Lindley should, if only out of respect to the "memory of Thomas Andrew Knight," have considered, and frankly stated, that he had anticipated what would be the effect of such like circumstances on the health of aged varieties. Mr. Knight observed, that they seemed like invalids, to enjoy the benefit of a better climate - that a gravelly, or a wet soil, or a cold preceding summer, or a high exposed situation, adds much to the virulence of the disease; on the other hand, he states "it appeared probable that the latter period of the existence of the apple tree would be considerably prolonged in a southern climate, for all the old varieties succeeded best in warm situations, and the most diseased flourish with the greatest vigor when trained to a south wall." And yet with such observations as these by Mr. Knight on record, Dr. Lindley would fain persuade us, that because trees of the Golden Pippin, in a comparatively healthy state, yet exist in France and Madeira, and in warm dry places in England, therefore this variety is not declining in vigor, and wearing out.

The Golden Pippin was formerly a general favorite. Mr. Knight, says,* "it was very extensively planted in Herefordshire, before the end of the 17th century, and many very large orchards of it still remained in the middle of the eighteenth century; and as long as the tree possessed even a moderate degree of health and vigor, the Golden Pippin retained the character of a very prime cider apple. But owing to the debilitated state of the variety in which the vital principle seems nearly expended, much of the fruit generally remains imperfect and immature, and almost all the cider which it has afforded within the last twenty years, has been crude or thin, and very frequently acetous. No attempts to propagate it as a cider apple, are now made in Herefordshire, though many trees of it of very large size, still remain." If this apple was formerly grown with so much success, and was so highly prized for its qualities in Herefordshire, and if varieties of plants do not in the course of time become debilitated, and more susceptible of disease and injury from adverse influences, then why in the name of common sense, does not the Golden Pippin now flourish, yield excellent cider, and grow to a tree of very large size, in the same soil, the same climate, and with the same treatment, and still continue to be a universal fovorite in that county?

It cannot, I think, be reasonably objected in this case, that the soil was probably ex

Besides, change of soil was one of the expedients specially resorted to with a view to restore old varieties to health, and proved to be inefficient, and the fact, moreover, that trees of the old varietes grow well when trained to a south wall, indicates, I think, most clearly, that it is not the soil, but the vitality of the plant, which is at fault. When the feeble powers of the plant are stimulated by the greater amount of heat afforded by a wall, it is enabled to obtain from the soil sufficient material to enable it to grow with apparent vigor, while in the same soil, as a standard, it is decrepid and diseased.

Respecting the Golden Hervey, Dr. Lindley says it is in all good gardens. This may be so; as Mr. Knight says, "the trees of the Golden Hervey still posses a considerable share of health and vigor, and for culture in the garden only, it is not much impaired by age."

Of the Red-streak Dr. Lindley says "it is little known to him, and he has no evidence about it." But if varieties of the apple do not deteriorate and wear out, how is it thai this, once the most famous cider apple known, is now all but extinct? Now it is of importance to prove that varieties of plants which were propagated by extension, and have disappeared, or nearly so, formerly possessed such a combination of good properties as to make it highly desirable to continue them for ever if possible.

That the Red-streak was held in great estimation may be inferred from Phillips' poem named "cider."

Let every tree in every garden own

The Red-streak as supreme, whose pulpous fruit

With gold irradiate, and vermilhon shines.

Evelyn speaks of it as "the famous Red-streak;" and again, "the Gennet Moyle was preferred to the very Red-streak." "The Moyle of sweetest honied taste." It is also apparent by other remarks, that Evelyn considered the Red-streak had no rival in this or any other country. With regard to health and productiveness, Evelyn observes, "the Red-streak will at three years old grafting, give you fair hopes, and last a hundred years, if from sundry men's experience of more than sixty years, we may divine." When comparing the merits of the Golden Pippin with the Red-streak, he says of the former, "it is in no wise so proper for a cider orchard, not half so soon bearing, nor so certainly, nor in that quantity, nor in that fulness or security, for as it (the Red-streak) is no tall tree, so it is less exposed to blasts and the like." Then respecting the quality of its cider. In papers on cider and cider apples, published in Evelyn's Pomona, one writer says, "among cider apples the Red-streak bears the bell." Another observes, "the cider of the summer Red-streak is of a wonderful fragrant and aromatic quality." Evelyn mentions that a Mr. Taylor of Herefordshire challenged a London vintner that he would produce a cider which should excel his best Spanish or French wines - "the wager being deposited, he brings in a good Red-streak to a private house, and all the vintner could call to be judges pronounced against his wine." The vintner not being satisfied, two other wagers were entered into, but with a like result.