Choose for all purposes healthy vines of one or (at most) two years' growth from the cutting or bud. For outside, make a hole three inches deep, and level on the bottom; spread out the roots carefully, and fill up with well broken soil. In the grapery, smooth the surface, and cover over the roots so as to form a small mound around each stem, which may afterwards be shortened down to two or three buds. When these buds have grown some two or three inches, take out all but the strongest. Train this carefully to the wires or poles as it advances in growth, and pinch out the laterals or side shoots • to the first leaf as they continue to be produced. If the weather be dry and hot through the summer months, mulch the ground with littery manure, and give occasionally a copious supply of water to the roots. Do not stop the leader until the wood begins to turn brown in the fall.

One of the best methods for future training, outside, is to conduct two shoots horizontally, one on each side of the main stem, and eighteen inches from the ground level. This may be secured for the present by cutting down to two buds above that height. These, in the spring, will push out the desired branches, which may be allowed to grow as the single one did last year. Next fall, cut them in, to four or six feet, according as they have grown strong, or the reverse. The third year from commencement they will develop side shoots, which are to be trained up perpendicularly to the trellis at the distance of eighteen inches apart. More than enough will be produced, the surplus of which should be rubbed off as soon as it can be seen which are the most suitable to leave. One bunch of fruit may now be allowed on each of these uprights without injury. The following fall, every alternate cane is to be cut down to one bud, the others being shortened in to five or six feet, and left to bear. And now begins a regular course of pruning. Those that have borne the last year are to be cut down to an eye, and the others that have emanated from the previous single bud left for fruiting next year.

It may also be mentioned that a greater longitudinal surface can be gained in after years by extending the horizontal branches in like manner.