(F.v.M., in Frag, iii, 131, 1863.) Karri.

Systematic. -This tree is the largest in Australia, even attaining a height of 400 feet, and thus exceeding any other Eucalyptus on the Continent. The bark may be described as persistent, whitish, or in older trees blackish and decorticating in long strips. *Abnormal leaves are ovate or oval in shape, the normal ones being lanceolate, acuminate, falcate; both kinds having a pale nnder-surface. The veins are very numerous, not pronounced, but spreading

* It has been customary in the past to speak and write of these particular leaves as " Sucker" leaves, but as Eucalyptus trees do not '" sucker" in the way defined in botanical works that is, send forth shoots from the roots varying in distances from the stem-the term is discarded in this work, and the word abnormal used instead as it seems to more appropriately express nature's work in this direction, for science is not advanced by perpetuating such an apparent misnomer as "Sucker" leaves.

with a marginal one 9omewha1 removed from the edge. The oil glands are fairly plentiful. The flowers are not numerous and occur in axillary peduncles, the calyx being elongated, and the operculum shortly acuminate

Fruit. Urn shaped, contracted at top with a narrow groove, at outer edge of a countersunk rim ; valves not exserted and running vertically from the base of the rim; 5 lines long and as broad.

The smaller fruits are very similar to those of the Eastern Coastal species, E. pilularis.

Habitat. Western Australia.

ESSENTIAL OIL. The oil of this species was distilled by Air. P. R. H. St. John, in January, 1917, from trees cultivated in Melbourne, Victoria, and forwarded to the Technological Museum for investigation. The yield of oil was equal to 1.1 per cent. The crude oil was of a lemon-yellow colour, and had a terpene-like odour, while that of volatile aldehydes was very pronounced. The principal constituent was dextro-rotatory pinene. Cineol was only present in very small amount. Esters were determined, the principal being butyl-butyrate in the lower boiling fraction, terpinyl-acetate and geranyl-acetate in the higher. Free geraniol and free terpineol were also present.

The crude oil had specific gravity at 15° C. = 0.8948; rotation aD + 20.5°; refractive index at 200 = 1.4671, and required 4 volumes 80 per cent. alcohol to form a clear solution. The saponification number for the esters and free acid was 50.7. In the cold with two hours' contact it was 11.3. After acetylation the saponification number was 101.5.

On rectification no less than 2 per cent. came over below 1220 C. (corr.). Between 122-1720, 47 per cent. distilled; between 172-183°, 20 per cent. distilled, leaving a residue of 31 per cent. boiling above 183° C. These fractions and residue gave the following results: -

The saponification number for the first fraction was 16.4; for the second, 31.4; and for the residue, 104.2. The ester in the first fraction was mostly butyl-butyrate.

The volatile acids of the several esters were determined in the usual way, by saponification, formation of the barium salt, and decomposing this with sulphuric acid. The barium salt gave 88.12 per cent. barium sulphate, equal to 80.2 per cent. barium acetate, and 19.8 per cent. barium butyrate. The odour of butyric acid was pronounced during the reaction.

A portion of the crude oil was distilled, and all below 190° C. removed, this equalled 68 per cent. The higher boiling portion had saponification number 129.7, while in the cold with two hours' contact it was 34.2. The whole was then saponified by boiling with alcoholic potash, the aqueous portion separated, and the oil thoroughly washed. It was then distilled at 10 millimetres pressure; most of it being obtained between 98-105° C. On again redistilling at the same pressure the greater portion came over between 99-100° C. This had specific gravity at 15° C. = 0-940; rotation aD + 21.5°; refractive index at 20° = 1.4831, and gave a good yield of phenyl-urethane, melting at 111° C.

It is thus evident that the principal alcohol in the oil of this species is dextro-rotatory terpineol, and by inference that of other associated species also. As terpineol has been isolated from the oils of the "Peppermint" group, it is evident that this alcohol as well as geraniol runs through the whole genus.

The acids in the aqueous portion were determined in the usual way. The result was 86.94 per cent. barium acetate and 13.06 barium butyrate. This again indicates that butyl-butyrate is the lower boiling ester in this oil.

A sample of the oil of this species was distilled by Mr. Braddock in West Australia, in October, 1918, and forwarded to the Museum by Mr. C. E. Lane Poole, the Conservator of Forests for that State. The oil was a little heavier than the previous sample and had apparently been distilled longer, it also contained a little more cineol, otherwise the general trend of results is similar.

The crude oil had specific gravity at 150 C. = 0.9083; rotation aD + 20.5°; refractive index at 200 = 1.4748.

The saponification number for the esters and free acid was 41 by heating, and 14.7 in the cold with two hours' contact.

The range of saponification number was 11.6 for the first fraction, 27.8 for the second fraction, and 100 for the third fraction.

A portion of the crude oil was acetylated, when the saponification number had risen to 83.8 ; while in the cold with two hours' contact it was 50.0, thus indicating geraniol as the alcohol, particularly as the odour of the separated oil was distinctly that of geraniol. The acids from all the saponifications were separated, purified, and determined in the usual way, the result being 66.8 per cent. barium acetate, and 33.2 per cent. barium butyrate.

The original determination of the oil of this species was published by us in the Pharmaceutical Journal, September, 1905. Taken as a whole the results agree very well with those now recorded, as is shown by the following :- Material sent from Karridale, Western Australia, in January, 1904. The yield of oil was 0.83 per cent. The crude oil was light-lemon yellow in colour, and had a terpene-like odour. The oil consisted largely of dextro-rotatory pinene. Phellandrene was absent and cineol only present in very small amount. The specific gravity at 15° C. = 0.9145; rotation aD + 30.1°; refractive index at 20° = 1.4727, and was soluble in one volume 80 per cent. alcohol. The saponification number for the esters and free acid was 53.2.