I am issuing now a thoroughly revised and improved Swedish edition of my text-book, which has been the chief guide to doctors, medical students, masseurs, and medical gymnasts in Scandinavia, for more than a quarter of a century in massage, and of late years also in medical gymnastics.

Every doctor who himself practises massage, and employs it to its full therapeutic extent, has now abundant opportunity of gaining experience in it. I have not felt that I needed any assistance for my description of it beyond the literature on the subject. Neither have I seen any reason for making any material alteration in what I wrote over twenty years ago. In this edition I have merely introduced the results of the researches made during the last few years by various doctors and investigators concerning massage.

On the other hand, a doctor who is not a specialist in medical gymnastics seldom becomes very familiar with any special gymnastic system. I have certainly obtained for myself a fairly wide knowledge of the physiological and therapeutic effects of movements. But my experience is chiefly medical, and I have not made a special study of medical gymnastics or orthopaedics. Therefore, since I wished to make my text-book "Kleen's Massage," of which 3,000 copies had already been sold, as comprehensive as possible in regard to medical gymnastics, I invited Dr. J. Arvedson, Gymnastic Director, to write a chapter on Ling's Medical Gymnastics, and Dr. E. Zander to write one on Zander's Medical Gymnastics. Finally I requested Dr. Patrik Haglund to write a chapter on the . Use of Medical Gymnastics and Massage in Orthopaedics. They willingly granted my request, and I obtained the rights of publication for their respective articles, which are included here in the same form as in the last two thousand copies of this work (Chap. IX. - XI.). For the remainder of the book I alone am responsible.

Work in medical gymnastics carried on by others in my own clinic in Stockholm led me to make a closer study of Ling's system. This made me aware of certain defects in my former account of medical gymnastics, and led me to a thorough revision of the subject.

Since the book is read by many who have had no medical education, I have included numerous notes on physiology.

Many of the illustrations have been replaced by better ones.

It is to be hoped that the book may thus maintain the leading position it has hitherto held in the literature of the subject.

Emil A. Kleen,

Doctor of Philosophy and Medicine. Sjovik,

Saltsjobaden.

The History and Present Position of Massage and Gymnastics.