In art, also, hypnotism has played a certain part. Charcot and Richer in their work, Les Demoniaques dans l'Art, have given illustrations depicting attacks of hysteria, and considering the close connection between hysteria and hypnosis maintained by those authors, it is not surprising to find them attempting to establish a similar connection between art and grand hypnotisms I may here mention that in the Paris Salon, not long since, a picture was exhibited by Brouillet called "Une Lecon clinique a la Salperiere"; and I will take this opportunity of calling to mind that when mesmerism flourished, it was made use of in illustrative art, but more particularly for satirical purposes. K. F. H. Marx mentions in his treatise on the connection of illustrative art with the art of healing, a work by Chodowiecki entitled, A Magnetic Manipulation, and a satirical sketch of Mesmer's magnetism by Fr. Sergent. Of a somewhat different nature is the connection between hypnosis and art, as recently discussed by Rochas and Otto Schultze, with whom Schrenck-Notzing and Lcewenfeld agree to some extent.

The three last-mentioned inquirers, writing in reference to the exhibitions given by the "sleep-dancer" Magdeleine, give prominence to the question as to how far the power of expressing the emotions during hypnosis may be utilized for artistic purposes.

Certainly all the references to hypnotism and the numerous works on it, mentioned in the last paragraph, demonstrate the general nature of the interest which has been brought to bear on the question; and it may not be superfluous to draw attention to the fact that hypnotism has not remained without influence on our daily speech. When we say that a man seems "hypnotized," we mean that his whole interest is so concentrated on one point that he neglects every other important question. Similarly we employ the word "suggestion" to describe the means by which one person may exercise undue influence over another.

We thus see how hypnotism has gained in significance, how it has gradually developed itself out of animal magnetism, and what an important branch of modern science it has become. Finally, it would be an omission on my part if I did not mention that animal magnetism, as distinct from hypnotism, has retained some of its adherents in the scientific world - Ochorowicz, Myers, and Richet. Naturally, I ignore the numerous uncritical and unscientific persons who express a belief in this magnetism.