Sans.

Arka,

Alarka.

Vern. A'kanda, Beng. Madar, Hind.

Calotropis procera and C. gigantea, both pass by the native native name of madar. "C. procera the smaller of the two, prefers the drier climate of the Deccan, the Upper Provinces of Bengal, the Punjab and Scinde; C. gigantea, lower Bengal, the

Madras and Malayan Peninsulas, and Ceylon." Sanskrit writers mention two varieties founded upon the colour of the flowers, namely, white, called alarka, and red, called arka. The milky juice, flowers, root-bark and leaves are all used in medicine. The root-bark is said to promote the secretions and to be useful in skin diseases, enlargements of the abdominal viscera, intestinal worms, cough, ascites, anasarca, etc. The milky juice is regarded as a drastic purgative and caustic and is generally used as such in combination with the milky juice of Euphorbia neriifolia. The flowers are considered digestive, stomachic, tonic and useful in cough, asthma, catarrh and loss of appetite.

The leaves mixed with rock salt are roasted within closed vessels, so that the fumes may not escape. The ashes thus produced are given with whey in ascites and enlargements of the abdominal viscera.1

The following inhalation is prescribed for cough. Soak the powdered root-bark of arka in its own milky juice and dry. Bougies are prepared with this powder and their fumes inhaled.2 The root-bark, reduced to a paste with sour congee, is applied to elephantiasis of the legs and scrotum.3 The milky juices of Calotropis gigantea and Euphorbia neriifolia are made into tents with the powdered wood of Berberis Asiatica, for introduction into sinuses and fistula in ano.4 The milky juice is applied to carious teeth for relief of pain.5

Arka taila.1 Take of prepared sesamum oil, four seers, juice of arka leaves, sixteen seers, and turmeric reduced to a paste, one seer; boil them together in the usual way. This oil is said to be useful in eczema, and other eruptive skin diseases. Sometimes orpiment is substituted for turmeric is this preparation.