Antipyretics : Quinine, 204, first in importance, but must be given in full doses. Eucalyptus, 186, useful in chronic malarial poisoning. Digitalis, 511, chiefly useful as an adjunct to quinine. Salicylic Acid, or salicylates, 396, active and certain antipyretics. Antipyrin, 412, Salol, 408, Acetanilid, 425, Resorcin, 404, Thallin, 406, Naphtol, 416, Asaprol, 417, Phenacetin, 418. Benzoates, 422, are the more important of the antiseptic antipyretics. Cold Baths, 83, 84, the most powerful means of lowering temperature. Pilocarpine, 683, reduces fever after a preliminary stimulation. Of lesser importance are Aconite, 713, Gelsemium, 674, and Phytolacca, 725.

Antiseptics : Carbolic Acid, 375, and the other members of the group in the same division, including those mentioned above, and classed together as Antiseptics, 365 et seq.

Aphonia : Atropine, 527, is curative in hysterical cases, if given to induce some obvious constitutional symptoms. Nitric Acid, 118, is very effective in the hoarseness of singers, when the aphonia is reflex (cold, indigestion, etc.), and in fatigue of vocal cords, Electricity, 467, by an intra-laryngeal electrode, usually cures paresis of the vocal cords.

Aphthous : Bismuth, 162, in powder directly to the ulcers. Coptis, 180, the infusion as a topical application. Potassium Chlorate, 217, 224, probably the most effective remedy, locally, and by the stomach ; full doses are necessary. Iodoform, 263, with or without Tannin, 264, and Iodol, 274. Naphtalin, 417, an excellent topical application. Quinine, 200, highly useful as a tonic. Muriatic Acid, 114, a local application, to ulcers, formerly more employed than at present. Sulphurous Acid, 246, well diluted, in the form of spray. Carbolic Acid, 377, pure, applied to ulcers, an anaesthetic and alterant. Resorcin, 404, dusted over affected surface.

Apoplexy. (See Hemorrhage, Cerebral.)

Arthritis, Chronic Rheumatic : Alkalies, 217, especially lithium. Potassium Iodide, 260. Cimicifuga, 522. Salicylates, 399; especially in debilitated subjects, Salicylate of Cinchonidine, 397. Salicin, 389. Salol, 408. Acetanilid, 426. Antipyrin, 412. Phenacetin, 418. Carbolic Acid, 382, by parenchymatous injection. Arsenic, 173, persistently used in small doses. Cod-liver Oil, 126, with or without the phosphates.

Ascarides : Quassia, 181, also Eucalyptus, 186, an infusion as a rectal injection, or by irrigation of the bowel. Carbolic Acid, 382, is an efficient but unsafe parasiticide when injected in the rectum. Iron, 147, the sirup of the iodide, by the stomach to prevent reproduction, and the tincture by rectal injection. Santonin, 772, at night, with or without calomel, and a laxative in the morning. Enema Aloes, 769. Hydrocyanic Acid, 701, for lumbricoides. Salicylic Acid, 395, by enema and by stomach. Myrtol, 429, and Cajeput Oil, 430.

Ascites : Copaiba Resin, 784, has proved very efficient as a diuretic. Pilocarpine, 683, very serviceable when given to produce free diaphoresis. Jalap, 759, in the form of the compound powder, most useful as a hydra-gogue cathartic. Elaterium, 767, also a hydragogue of great power ; must be given cautiously, and not at all when gastrointestinal irritation exists. Remedies are more active when aided by a milk-diet, 59, or by dry diet, 54.

Asthma: Air, compressed, 99. Oxygen, 367, pure or diluted, by inhalation. Amyl Nitrite, 706, by inhalation, or Nitro-glycerin, 710, by the Stomach. Arsenic, 173, by the stomach, as a prophylactic, or by smoking in cigarettes. Bromides, 656, relieve in purely spasmodic asthma, but soon lose their effect; also Bromoform, 660. Chloral, 617, may arrest the paroxysms, but danger of chloral habit. Chloroform, 605, by inhalation, dropped on warm water, relieves, but a habit is quickly formed. Last two remedies are dangerous in weak heart. Ether, 605, is safer and equally efficient by inhalation. Paraldehyde, 585. Quebracho, 732, a valuable remedy in most forms of dyspnoea. Hyoscine, 540. Belladonna, 527, in pastilles with stramonium and other narcotics, gives temporary relief, but Atropine, hypoder-

• matically, is more efficient. Morphine, 644, and atropine subcutaneously, give more decided and lasting relief than any other remedies. Grindelia, 723, is a most useful remedy, next in value as a means of immediate relief to morphine and atropine. Iodide of Potassium, 259, in full doses, succeeds remarkably in some cases. Ethyl Iodide, 267, and Ethyl Bromide, by inhalation. Quinine, 207, as a tonic after the acute symptoms and as a prophylactic in the interval. Strychnine, 484, is indicated when there is weakness of respiratory muscles. Pyridine, 417, a new and effective remedy, by inhalation. Galvanization, 469, of the pneumogastric and cervical sympathetic relieves the spasmodic difficulty of breathing, and sometimes effects a cure, and faradization of the chest-muscles has lately been reported successful in effecting a cure. Tartar Emetic, 324, and Lobelia, 697, carried to slight nausea in cases of deficient secretion of bronchial mucus. Pilocarpus, 683, subcutaneously in spasmodic asthma.

Astigmatism : Atropine, 531, a weak solution to facilitate examination. Hyoscine, 540, Duboisine, 542, a substitute. Eserine, 691, in some cases.

Atheroma of the Vessels : Arsenic, 173, indicated when eyes are puffy, breathing short, and ankles swollen. Phosphorus, 135, in minute doses for the weakness and mental failure associated therewith, with or without Cod-liver Oil, 126, which may also be advantageously combined with phosphates and hypophos-phites. Ammonium Carbonate, 238. to dissolve thrombi. Quinine, 207, is of great service administered in a full dose daily for a time. The Iodides, 258, persistently administered, in a high degree effective.