Protopine

Crystallizable, alkaline. (C20H19N1O5.) Laudamine.—An alkaloid, which, as well as its salts, forms large crystals. (C20H25N1O4.)

Codamine

Crystallizable, alkaline; can be sublimed. (C20H26NI

Papaverine (papaverina)

Crystallizable, alkaline. (C21iH21N1O4.)

Rhoeadine

Crystallizable, not distinctly alkaline; can be sub-limed. (C21H21N1O6.)

Meconidine

Amorphous, alkaline; melts at 58°; not stable; the salts also easily altered. (C2H23Nl04.)

Cryptopine (cryptopina)

Crystallizable, alkaline; salts tend to gelatinize; hydrochlorate crystallizes in tufts. (C2lH23N1O5.)

Laudanosine

Crystallizable, alkaline. (C21H27N1O4.)

Narcotine (narcotina)

Crystallizable, not alkaline; salts not stable. (C22H23N1O7.)

Lanthopine

Microscopic crystals, not alkaline. (C23H26N1O4.)

Narceine (narceina)

Crystallizable as a hydrate; readily soluble in boiling water or in alkalies. (C23H29N1O9.)

The only important derivative in the therapeutic sense is apomorphine, obtained from morphine by the action of hydrochloric acid. This possesses active emetic property, and will be grouped with emetics.

Besides the foregoing alkaloidal and basic substances, opium contains a peculiar acid (meconic acid), and, according to T. and H. Smith, a peculiar form of lactic acid (thebolactic).

The proportion of morphine in Turkey opium should not be less than ten per cent, and in good specimens may reach fifteen per cent. Pseudo-morphine occurs in the minute quantity of 0·02 per cent. The proportion of codeine varies from one fifth to two fifths per cent. Thebaine and papaverine exist in Turkey opium in about the proportion of one per cent. Narcotine is found in considerable quantity in different varieties of opium, and ranges in amount from one and five tenths to ten per cent. Narceine varies from 01 to 0·71. The quantity of cryptopine and rhaeadine is extremely small.

The morphine of opium exists in the drug in the form of the tri-basic meconate. The proportion of meconic acid is about three to four per cent of the crude opium.

The value of opium depends on the quantity of morphine which it contains.

Morphina

Morphine. In colorless crystals, which are inflammable and wholly dissipated by red heat. It is scarcely soluble in cold water, sligntly so in boiling water, and freely soluble in boiling alcohol. Nitric acid first reddens it, and then renders it yellow. With a solution of sesquichloride of iron, it assumes a deep-blue color. Its solution restores the color of litmus, previously reddened by an acid. (U. S. P.)

Morphinae Acetas

Morphine acetate. A white, yellowish-white, crystalline or amorphous powder, slowly losing acetic acid when kept for some time and exposed to the air, having a faintly acetous odor, a bitter taste, and a neutral or faintly alkaline reaction. When freshly prepared, the salt is soluble in twelve parts of water and in sixty-eight parts of alcohol; if it has been kept for some time, it is incompletely soluble in water, unless a little acetic acid is added. Dose, gr. 1/6—gr. ss.

Morphinae Hydrochloras

Morphine hydrochlorate. In snow-white, feathery crystals, wholly soluble in water and in alcohol. Dose, gr- 1/6—gr. ss.

Morphinae Sulphas

Morphine sulphate. In snow-white, feathery crystals, which are wholly soluble in water. Dose, gr. 1/6—gr. ss.

Pulvis Morphinae Compositus

Compound powder of morphine (Tully's powder). (Morphine sulphate, one grm.; camphor, nineteen grm.; glycyrrhiza, twenty grm.; precipitated calcium carbonate, twenty parts; and sufficient alcohol to make sixty grm.) Dose, gr. j— gr. x.

Trochisci Morphinae et Ipecacuanhae

Troches of morphine and ipecacuanha. (Morphine, ipecac, sugar, oil of gaultheria, mucilage.)