This is a most valuable remedy. independently of its effect in restoring the functions of the torpid surface by direct excitation, it operates revulsively With considerable energy. it may be questionable whether this is a proper place to introduce a consideration of the remedy; and certainly, it is seldom carried to the point of producing absolute inflammation. Yet it acts upon the same general principles as the milder rubefacients, and I do not know where to place it more appropriately.

By friction, both the blood-vessels and the nerves of the skin are excited; the blood and nervous energy, therefore, flow into it from the interior non-sympathizing parts; and, from the extent of surface to which the measure may be applied, the whole amount of revulsive influence may be very considerable. it should be resorted to in all cases in which the skin is depressed in its function, cool, unperspiring, and pale, and even when copiously perspiring, if this condition depend on relaxation or debility of the surface. it may also be employed in cases of chronic internal inflammation and irritation, whether nervous or vascular, when the skin is not already over-excited, and no febrile action exists. No matter what may be the seat of the affection, whether in the head, chest, or abdomen, the remedy is still applicable.

In cases of simple nervous irritation, or slight vascular congestion of an acute character, it may often be advantageously resorted to. in abdominal pains, stomachic or intestinal, neuralgic or spasmodic, brisk friction over the abdomen will often yield complete relief. in subacute or nervous rheumatism, affecting the muscles or internal parts, the same remedy is sometimes promptly efficient.

Generally speaking, the measure is more effective when performed by another than by the patient, unless in cases in which it may be indicated as a means of exercise. The mildest method of performing it is with the hand. A coarse linen towel, or a piece of firm flannel may also be used. The most effectual method is probably with the flesh-brush. it may be applied to a part, or the whole of the body; but the more extensively, in general, the better, even though it should be proportionately less violent; unless when the object is to act on some special organ by revulsion to the surface immediately over it. Another mode of accomplishing the same object, is by beating the whole surface with some yielding instrument, that cannot well bruise, such as a slipper; which the late Dr. Cart-wright, of New Orleans, assured me, ho had found very useful in neuralgic affections, with a pale and inert condition of the surface.

Shampooing acts, in part, on the same principle; but not altogether, as the effects of this measure are extended also directly to the interior organs.