A seat with a back to it for one person. Originally chairs were seats of honour to which only the great were entitled, and even as late as Tudor times they were usually reserved for the head of the family and honoured guests. They were of massive construction with arms, and sometimes upholstered. During the early Stuart period, however, chairs were used by any one who could afford to purchase them. Side chairs, also called single or small chairs, without arms were introduced at this time. Both kinds came into more general use after the Restoration, and walnut replaced oak in their construction. Cane, both in the seat and back, was much in vogue, and also upholstery in brocades, velvets, tapestry needlework, leather and other less expensive materials. The designs for chairs up to this time were usually borrowed from foreign sources, but in the time of Queen Anne a distinctly English style was formed which was vigorously developed by the designers, architects and cabinetmakers of the various schools, notably Chippendale, until towards the end of the eighteenth century a dainty perfection was reached by such designers as Adam, Hepplewhite and Sheraton. Meanwhile, an evergrowing demand had arisen for the ordinary domestic chair, such as the Windsor chair. The principal parts of a chair are the feet, legs, stretcher, brackets, apron, skirt or pendant, seat-framing or rails, seat, arms and their supports, the back, including the uprights, top rail and cresting, enclosing solid panels or other features, such as balusters, cane work, splats, shoe, slats, fretwork or upholstery. These parts and the more important chairs to which special names have been applied are described under their respective headings.