Light Oak

Ground work is white lead tinted with raw sienna to the desired shade.

The graining color is composed of raw and burnt umber, and vandyke brown.

Dark Oak

Ground work is white lead with golden ochre, or deep orange chrome yellow, and a little turkey red or bright red oxide.

The graining color is composed of the same pigments as in the case of light oak, except that the proportions are varied.

Ash Graining

Both the ground work and the graining color is similar to those used in the production of light oak.

Chestnut Graining Color

Ground work is white lead, yellow ochre and orange chrome to produce a decided yellow, which chestnut graining requires. The graining color is composed of burnt umber with a little vandyke brown and burnt sienna.

Mahogany

Ground work Venetian red, and white lead with a little crimson lake. The graining color is vandyke brown.

The graining of mahogany is much more effective if two shades of vandyke brown are used in imitating the light and dark parts of the wood.

Maple

Ground work similar to very light oak, white lead and raw sienna, with a graining color of oxford ochre, which is dappled, and when dry, pass a graining brush over the work in a wavering direction, using a mixture of umber and sienna to produce a softened grain.

Walnut

Use yellow ochre, white lead and umber for the ground work and raw umber for the graining color.