The Carpenters, Joiners, Cabinet Makers, And Gilders' Companion | by F. Reinnel
Containing rules and instructions in the art of carpentry, joining, cabinet making, and gilding; veneering, inlaying, varnishing and polishing, dying and staining wood, ivory, etc, the best methods of preparing glue, cements and compositions and a variety of valuable receipts; with illustrations showing the various methods of dove-tailing, mortice and tenonding, etc. etc. etc.
| Title | The Carpenters, Joiners, Cabinet Makers, And Gilders' Companion |
| Author | F. Reinnel |
| Publisher | Brodie & Middleton |
| Year | 1876 |
| Copyright | 1876, Brodie & Middleton |
| Amazon | The carpenters, joiners, cabinet makers, and gilders' companion |
By F. Reinnel. Architect And Surveyor.
Preface- In issuing another edition of the Carpenters, Joiners', and Cabinet Makers' Companion the author avails himself of the present opportunity of thanking his numerous subscribers and the trades in gene...
- Part I. - Carpentry
- The department of the carpenter is distinguished from. that of the joiner, in that it regards the substantial parts of the edifice, such as the framing of roofs and partitions, and, in fact, all that ...
- General Directions For Seasoning And Preserving Timber
- On the care we take in seasoning timber previous to applying it to the purposes of building, depends in a great measure the strength and durability of the structure we erect, for green or unseasoned t...
- Part II. - Joinery
- The business of the joiner is distinct from that of a carpenter, insomuch as it regards the more ornamental and nicer parts of the art of building; whereas the carpenter is concerned more with the sol...
- To Make Glass Or Sand Paper
- As the paper for the purpose of cleaning off work, known by this title, is of great use to the joiner, we will here give the process of manufacturing it, as it is seldom to be met with very good. Take...
- Glue
- The quality of glue being of material consequence to the joiner, it may not be amiss in this place to say something respecting it, and the tests by which we may ascertain its adhesive properties, as b...
- Of The Different Methods Of Joining Timber
- Every workman must be aware of the meaning of the terms dove-tail, mortice and tenon, grooving, etc, but the best methods of performing these several operations of joining their work together, they on...
- Dove-Tailing
- As Dove-tailing is of great use in the art of joinery, I have represented in Plate I. several sorts; now as much depends on the proper proportioning the parts which fit into each other, so that the pi...
- Mortice And Tenonding
- Under this head I shall endeavour to lay down some rules to be observed with regard to proportioning the parts of the mortice and tenon, so that they shall both be equally strong, or that the tenon sh...
- Grooving And Lapping
- It is scarcely necessary in this work to say much on this part of joining timber or boards, it being analogous to that of morticing and tenonding. I shall therefore under this head, simply state, that...
- Bending And Glueing Up
- With respect to bending or glueing up stuff for sweep work, much judgment is necessary; and as the methods are various, I shall mention a few, that the workman may apply them as occasion requires, one...
- Scribing
- By scribing is meant, generally, the method of making one piece of stuff fit against another when the joint is irregular; thus the plinth of a room is made to meet or correspond with the unevenness of...
- Finishing Of Joiner's Work
- As much depends on this part of the operation of joining, I shall give some hints to the workman, that for want of paying proper attention to, however well the work may be executed with regard to its ...
- Part III. - Cabinet Making
- Much that has been said on Joinery applies also to Cabinet-making as respects mitreing, dove-tailing, etc. etc. The general term Cabinet-making is the art of making all such parts of the furniture of ...
- General Remarks On Designs For Cabinet Work
- In Design, the central or principal part of the object requires most notice. The other parts should be so far subordinate to it as not to distract the attention from the centre; and, yet they should b...
- Coloured Woods, Metals, Etc
- Sometimes richness of effect is no further attempted than is obtained by the natural beauty of the wood which is employed; and when this natural beauty is considerable, this simple kind of furniture i...
- Framing
- Framing, in cabinet-making, requires the same precautions as in Joinery, when it is required to form large surfaces, for, owing to shrinkage, and warping of wood, large even surfaces can be formed onl...
- Veneering, Banding, Etc
- Veneering is the method of covering an inferior wood with a surface of a very superior kind, so that the parts of the article of furniture thus manufactured which meet the eye, appear to the same adva...
- To Raise Old Veneers
- In repairing old cabinets, and other furniture, workmen are sometimes at a loss to know how to get rid of those blisters which appear on the surface, in consequence of the glue under the veneer failin...
- Inlaying, Etc. Etc
- Inlaying is an expensive method of ornamenting furniture with fancy woods, metals, shells, etc, and if not well executed is unsightly and liable to frequent breakage. It is of great antiquity, and was...
- Inlaying With Shaded Wood
- Having shown the methods of cutting out and veneering, we need now only show the method used to produce that shady brown edge, on works inlaid with white holly, and which, when well executed, has a ve...
- To Imitate Inlaying Of Silver Strings
- This process is sometimes employed in the stocks, etc. of pistols, and if well executed has a very good effect; carefully draw your pattern upon the work, and then engrave, or cut away the different l...
- Carving, Reeding, Etc
- In carving, the quality of the wood is of the utmost importance. It should be free from cracks, knots, etc, and as even in its texture as possible, and, above all, well seasoned. The first thing to b...
- Moulding Ornaments, Figures, Etc. ILL Imitation Of Carving
- To avoid the expense of carving in wood, several attempts have been made to cast figures and ornaments to resemble wood. The most approved process we here present our readers. It was invented by M. Le...
- Dying, Staining, Polishing, Varnishing
- Dying wood is mostly applied for the purpose of veneers, while staining is more generally had recourse to, to give the desired colour to the article after it has been manufactured. - In the one case, ...
- Varnishing
- In London it is hardly worth while to make varnish, unless required in large quantities, as there are several shops where it may be had very good, and at a fair price; but in the country, where the ca...
- To Make Gold Varnish
- Take gum-lac, well picked, put it into a small linen bag, and wash it in pure water, till the water becomes no longer red, then take it from the bag and suffer it to dry. When it is perfectly dry, red...
- A Varnish For Wood That -Will Resist Boiling Water
- Take a pint and a half of linseed oil, and boil it in a copper vessel, not tinned, suspending in the oil a small linen bag, (which must not touch the bottom of the vessel) containing five ounces of li...
- Laying On The Gold
- This is the most difficult part of the operation, and requires some practice; but with a little caution and attention, it may be easily performed. Turn your gold out of the book on your cushion a lea...
- To Gild The Borders Of Leather Tops Of Library Tables, Work Boxes, Etc
- The tops of library tables, etc. are usually covered with Morocco leather, and ornamented with a gilt border, and are usually sent to the bookbinder for that purpose. The method by which they perform ...
- Oil Gilding
- Where the object is to give a high finish. Paint the work with a color composed of the finest white lead and yellow ochre, in such proportions that the color shall be as near as possible to the color ...
- Lining And Transfering
- When the priming of a canvas has become detached, or the cloth is so old as to need sustaining, it is customary to line the picture. - But if the canvas is greatly injured, the painting itself is tran...
- Charring Timber
- This process is useful for such timbers as are partly placed in the ground, such as posts or timber used in the foundation of buildings, as the carbonic coat or charcoal covering which incrusts it by ...
- A Composition For Weather Boarding Paling, Etc
- Take of pitch six pounds, grease one pound, red ochre a sufficient quantity to colour it, and, if you like, a little lamp black, put it on hot, and when the boards are dry, otherwise it will not adher...
- A Composition For Preserving The Joints Of Framing Exposed To The Action Of The Weather
- Take of pitch one pound, fat or grease a quarter of a pound, melt them together, and add finely powdered chalk to make it of a pretty stiff consistence; spread it over your tenons and within the morti...
- To Render Wood Incombustible
- A very excellent way to render wood incombustible, is to soak it in a strong solution of alum and the sulphate of copper. About one pound of alum and one of the sulphate of copper should be sufficient...
- To Preserve Iron Work, As Bolts, Straps, Etc
- To two quarts of linseed oil add half a pound of litharge, let it simmer over a slow fire for two or three hours; take it off and strain it, then add of finely powdered rosin a quarter of a pound, and...
- Polish For Wainscot Work
- Take of the best yellow bees-wax, shave it with a plane into thin slices, and put it into a glazed earthen pan. add as much spirits of turpentine as will cover it, and let if dissolve without heat, st...
- Oil For Wainscot Work
- Take of the best linseed oil one quart, to which add half a pint of the best spirits of turpentine, and a piece of lime about the size of a cricket-ball, broke in pieces; let it simmer on a stove or n...
- Polishing Oil For Mahogany - To Glue Joints
- Polishing Oil For Mahogany Take linseed oil, one quart; alkanet root, one ounce; rose pink, half an ounce; stir them well together, and place them near the fire to simmer gently for an hour or two; t...
- To Make Cement For Stopping Holes And Flaws In Wainscot, Etc
- Take of bees-wax and pounded resin equal parts, dissolve them in a pipkin, gently letting them incorporate, and stir them with a stick till intimately mixed and dissolved; then for wainscot add chalk,...
- To Gild Metal By Dissolving Gold
- Dissolve gold in aqua regia, and into the solution dip linen rags; take them out and dry them gently; then burn them to tinder; after you have well polished your work with this, take a cork, and dippi...
- To Gild Metal Fine Blue - Bright Red
- Fine Blue Into a clean glass bottle, put one pound of oil of vitriol, and four ounces of the best indigo pounded in a mortar; (take care to set the bottle in a basin or earthen glazed pan, as it will...
- To Gild Metal Orange - Silver Grey
- Purple To two pounds of chip logwood and half a pound of Brazil dust, add four gallons of water, and after putting in your veneers, boil them for at least three hours; then add six ounces of pearlash...
- Staining
- Staining wood is altogether a different process from dying it, and requires no preparation before the stain be applied: it is peculiarly useful to bedstead and chair makers. In preparing the stain, bu...
- Staining To Imitate Mahogany
- Brown Stains To Imitate Mahogany The surface may first be rubbed with a diluted solution of aqua-fortis; then one ounce of dragon's blood being dissolved in a pint of spirit of wine by heat, and one-...
- Imitation Of Ebony
- Pale-coloured woods are stained in imitation of ebony by washing them with, or steeping them in, a strong decoction of logwood or galls, allowing them to dry, and then washing them over with a solutio...
- Red Stain For Bedsteads And Common Chairs - To Stain Ivory, Etc. Yellow
- Red Stain For Bedsteads And Common Chairs Archil, as sold at the shops, will produce a very good stain of itself, when used cold; but if, after one or two coats, being applied and suffered to get alm...
- To Stain Ivory Or Bone Red
- Boil cuttings of scarlet cloth in water, and add by degrees pearlash till the colour is extracted; a little roach alum, now added, will clear the colour; then strain it through a linen cloth. Steep yo...
- Polishing
- The beauty of Cabinet-work depends upon the care with which it is finished; some clean off with scraping and rubbing with glass paper: this should be done in all cases, but it is not enough, particula...
- The True French Polish - Strong Polish
- The True French Polish To one pint of spirits of wine, add a quarter of an ounce of gum copal, a quarter of an ounce of gum arabic, and one ounce of shellac. Let your gums be well bruised, and sifte...
- Directions For Cleaning And Polishing Old Furniture - Another
- Directions For Cleaning And Polishing Old Furniture Take a quart of stale beer or vinegar, put a handful of common salt, and a table spoonful of spirits of salt into it, and boil it for a quarter of ...
- Turpentine Varnish - To Keep Brushes In Order
- Turpentine Varnish Take of black resin one pound and a half, oil of turpentine two pints. Melt the resin, and after having removed it from the fire, mix in, gradually, the turpentine. Strain if neces...
- Part IV. - Gilding - To Prepare Frames Or Wood-Work
- Part IV. - Gilding The art of silvering, as applied to cabinet work, is precisely similar to that of gilding; the directions for the one will therefore be the instructions for the other, with little ...
- Polishing - Matting Or Dead Gold
- Polishing When the prepared frames are quite dry, clean and polish them; to do this, wet a small piece at a time, and with a smooth fine piece of cloth dipped in water, rub the part till all the bump...
- Burnishing
- When your work is covered with gold, set it by to dry, it will be ready to burnish in about eight or ten hours; but it will depend on the warmth of the room or state of the air, and practice will enab...
- Guilding - To Paint Sail Cloth
- To Clean Oil Paintings Clean the picture well with a sponge, dipped in warm beer; after it has become perfectly dry, wash it with a solution of the finest gum-dragon, dissolved in pure water. Never u...
- To Gild Oil Fainted Work - Curious Mode Of Silvering Ivory
- To Gild Oil Fainted Work If the paint is quite dry and hard, merely paint on the design in gold size, and then apply the gold leaf, which must be done carefully. If the paint is not dry around the pa...
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