While in former times the smaller size and greater cost of glass led to uniformity in the construction of the sash, at present there are few designers who think at all of adapting the window to the size of the glass; but, reversing that practice, design the window, and then cut the glass to fit.

The regular sizes for small panes are 6" X 8", 7" X 9", 8" X 10", 9" X 11", and 10" X 12", from which the sash and window-frame are easily computed, if the dimensions are laid off on rods. Fig. 1, a, shows one side of a rod, upon which is laid out the width of a sash to hold three 8" by 10" lights, and at b is shown the side of the rod on which is measured the height of the sash.

In Fig. 2 parts of the rod are enlarged to show the details of the marking, the letters corresponding with those of Fig. 1; c shows the top-rail, 2" wide, with a 1 1/4" tenon. From the rabbet, which is 3/16," for the glass in the top-rail, to that of the first bar, is 10 1/16".. The bar is 1/2" wide. At e is shown the meeting-rail, 1 1/4", and at f the bottom-rail. From such a rod, carefully laid out, many sashes and frames may be marked out.

The rails and stiles are 1 1/2" thick, and molded with a sash-plane; in the absence of which a flat chamfer will serve just as well.

The meeting-rails are made in one piece, as shown in Fig. 3: a is the upper stile with its mortise, b the lower stile, c the meeting-rail of the upper sash, and is not molded, but simply rabbeted for the glass; d,the meeting-rail for the lower sash,is molded, and not rabbeted; there is a groove about 1/8" wide and 3/16" deep for receiving the glass; the rails are sawed apart, as shown at e. When the sashes are put in the building, the bevels are planed and fitted tightly, as shown in Fig. 4.

The vertical bars are mortised through the rails, and have small mortises, 1/2" square, for the insertion of the horizontal bars, which are made the full width of the sash, but sawed into separate pieces just before putting together, as shown in Fig. 6.

Excepting those of the short bars, all of the joints are glued, the mortises wedged, and the dovetails pinned.

Fig. 5 shows the groove and socket for the sash-cord; a is plowed, and b bored with a long spoon-bit.

Sash

Ex. 32

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6