Double-Length Strokes

See paragraphs 175 to 182.

Par. 175. - Water, meter, thermometer, trumpeter, rafter, lifter, fighter, waiter, loiter, inviter, swelter, dissenter, winter, voter, de-serter, minister, shatter, remitter, alter, lateral, porter, flutter, fritter, smatter, diameter.

Fodder, shudder, seceder, alder, wander, gender, tender, tinder, hoarder, warder, order, defrauder, deluder, ardor, hinder, cylinder, freeholder, oleander, bewilder.

Par. 176. - Weather, father, grandfather, godfather, forefather, lather, whether, nether, thither, whither, lither, wither, mother, grandmother, godmother, smother.

Par. 177. - Anker, hanker, thinker, franker, rancor, drunker.

Anger, finger, linger, conger, monger, younger, longer, stronger.

Par. 178. - Scamper, damper, hamper, pamper, tamper, stamper, temper, distemper, simper, bumper, thumper, jumper.

Amber, chamber, bed-chamber, presence-chamber, limber, clamber, timber, umber, cumber, encumber, cucumber, lumber.

Par. 181. - Material, materially, entirely, entire, materiality, materialize.

Farther, further, murder, larder.

Par. 182. - Modern, eastern, astern, modernize, northern, subaltern, intern, slattern.

Past tenses of verbs whose present forms end with double-lengths are generally written with half-length double consonants: Watered, loitered, faltered, sweltered, muttered, ordered, weathered, smothered, scampered, simpered, murdered, furthered.

After double-length n, ng and sh, however, past tenses are formed by adding the stroke-d to the form of the present: Entered, wintered, anchored, fingered, shattered, shuddered, engendered.

Dictation Exercise

]Aerometer, barometer, bolter, chronometer, colter, deadwater, enter, falter, fetter, filter, fitter, halter, hexameter, knitter, laterally, latterly, laughter, lighter, literal, literally, literati, litter, liturgy, micrometer, midwinter, mutter, neuter, niter, obliterate, palter, philter, polluter, prompter, Psalter, reenter, Salter, saunter, shifter, shutter, simitar, slater, slaughter, smelter, smiter, sumpter, supporter, tempter, transmuter, unfetter, vaulter, waterlogged, welter.

Asunder, attainder, backslider, boulder, cinder, coriander, defender, disorder, elder, Endor, engender, hazarder, holder, householder, invader, joinder, ladder, madder, molder, nadir, orderly, provender, provider, rejoinder, render, retarder, sender, smokier, sunder, surrender, tender, thunder, upholder, wilder, winder, wonder, yonder.

Anchor, canker, danker, drinker, flanker, lanker, ranker, sinker, tinker, winker, younker.

Altered, bewildered, chambered, cumbered, disordered, distempered, fathered, fettered, filtered, fluttered, hampered, lathered, littered, lumbered, moldered, mothered, paltered, pampered, slaughtered, smoldered, tampered, timbered, unfettered, wildered, withered.

Angered, cankered, hankered, hindered, lingered, reentered, rendered, sauntered, surrendered, tendered, thundered, tinkered, wandered, wondered.