He and The are indicated by a P-, Ray-, or Chay-tick, at the end of a phrase.

A, An, and And, are indicated by a K- or T-tick, at the end of a phrase.

I is indicated finally, by the T-tick only.

Observe carefully the direction given in subd. c. When a phrase begins with either of the ticks for the words above mentioned, the second word of the phrase is placed in the position directed in § 4, b, and not the tick. Make the ticks exactly one-fourth the length of a stem.

Read and copy the first eleven lines on page 15, and carefully note the application of the above rules.

Sec. 8. S-circle. - Don't make a loop for a circle. A loop is not a circle, but means something entirely different. On a straight stem, turn a simple circle with a motion opposite that of the hands of a watch, except in a few instances where it occurs between stems. A circle between a tick and a stem, is written as if it were between two stems. {See lines 1 to 5, Table of Contrasts, p. 71.)

' Sip, sup, sap, peace, pus, pass, sob. Boys, seat, sight, sty, stow, seedy, said, such, sage, seek, sky, spy, spa, tease, dose, chase, joss. Safe, suffice, face, phiz, suffuse, save, salve, vice, voice, views, saith, sooth, thaws, seethe, scythe. Cease, seize, sighs, size, says, saws, sues, sash, ashes, seem, same, psalm, mace, moss, muss, mice, mouse, muse, moose. Seen, sane, sawn, soon, sin, son, sign, niece, nose, news, sing, sung, sang, song. Wise, -ways, wooes, use, hawse, hies, hues. Speedy, speech, spoke, subdue, Sabbath, stake, scope, scathe. Scotch, sigma, sphere, safety, civic, savage, savings, snob, snipe, snatch, snore. Snug, smack, smoky, small, singing, swap, swab, swing, swag. , c. Asp, espy, osage, ask, Ezra, Isaac, assume, oozing, assignee. Esty, easier, asthma. Saucy, busy, lazy, racy, mossy, posy, rosy, cosy, mercy, uneasy, daisy. Juicy, fussy, massy, intimacy, ecstasy, spicy, gypsy, tipsy. Ace, so, see, say, saw, sue, easy, owes, ooze, awes. Sighing, sewing, scion, science, sigher. Zeal, zero, czar, zinc, Zeno, Zeus.

d. Mercies, daisies, gypsies, fantasies, palsies, posies, argosies, fallacies, intimacies, piracies, policies, fancies.

. Paucity, opposite, episode, pacify, passive, passage, bask, besought, obesity, beseech, beseige, tusk, desk. Audacity, decide, disobey, deceive, disown, dismay, russet, receive, reason, resign, Jessup, Joseph. Cusp, cossack, cask, excite, accede, gasp, faucet, physic, fusty, offset, effusive, vista, visit, visage, evasive, honesty, inside, unsaid, unsafe, unsung, unseen.

f. Zion, zany, zeal, zenith, zero, zinc, zodiac, zouave, czar, Zeno, Zeus.

g. Poison, basin, bison, dozen, dizen, chasten, chosen, cousin, fasten, season, Susan, lessen, arson, mason. Poisons, basins, bisons, dozens, chastens, cousins, fastens, seasons, Susan's, lessens, arsons, masons.

i. Sarah, sorrow, serious series, syrup, survey, search, serge. Sardis. service, servile, sortie, surpass, surface.

j, k. Before attempting to read lines 11 to 14, on page 17, or to write the following, learn the list of word-signs and the rules at subd. j and k. Only the new word-signs are printed in Italic below. Join the words connected by hyphens.

1. Where-is the-property upon-which they put the-house ? 2. They though Hie-would-come while we were there. 3. What-was t\\e-talk between you, at the-time you-came up by where they live ? 4. He charges too-much, and-it-may-be above what you would give. 5. I-know no reason why you should hope for it. 6. It-ts too-heavy forme. 7. Is-she to buy-his house ? 8. May I hope I-am to-see you at my house? 9 Do you know whether-his book is among yours ? 10. He-is without-a home, though he-has a-nice house.

Sec. 9. Ses. - Make the large circle about twice the size of the small one. It is seldom necessary to vocalize it. {Lines 6, 7, p. 71

Mississippi, emphasis, necessary, necessity, excessive, success, exercise, exhaust, census.

a. Notice the difference between this rule and that in §8, &.

In the latter, the plural is formed by attaching a small circle to a stem, but in the following words, it is formed by enlarging the circle.

Pauses, poses, passes, bases, abysses, bosses, abuses, teases, tosses, adduces, cheeses, chases, chooses, cases, faces, fusses, theses, chaises, leases, laces, losses, loses, maces, misses, musses, masses, noses, noises, nooses, roses.

b. Recesses, exercises, excesses, abscesses, successes, emphasizes.

c. 1. It-is-his property. 2. I-will go as-far-as-his house. 3. "Which-is-his watch, and-which-is-hers ? 4. It is-as-large-as I-thought-they would-make it. 5. I-thought-so, for-his-is here. 6. Why-is-his property put there ?

Sec. 10. Loops. - Make the loops carefully, and make the proper distinction between the two kinds of loops. Always place words in their proper positions. Read subd. c. [Line 8, page 71.)

Steep, stoop, step, stop, stubby, state, stout, staid, stood, stitch, stage, stalk, stoke, stag. Stiff, stuff, staff, stave, steal, stale, stole, stool, star, story, stem. Pieced, paced, passed, beast, baste, boast, taste, tossed, test, dosed, dust, chased, chest, just. Feast, faced, fist, fast, vest, vast, voiced, ceased, assist, assessed, easiest, zest, leased, laced, lowest, loosed, arrest, raced, rest, rust, missed, moist, west, yeast.

Paster, pastor, poster, baster, boaster, taster, toaster, tester, duster, Chester, juster, coaster, caster, feaster, faster, foster, vaster, lustre, roster, master, muster.

b. Pests, posts, beasts, busts, tastes, tests, dusts, chests, jousts, costs, coasts, guests, gusts, feasts, fasts, vests, theists, assists, zests, arrests, rests, mists, wastes. Pasters, boasters, testers, dusters, Chester's, coasters, casters, fosters, shysters, lustres, lasters, rosters, roosters.

Piston, Posten, Liston, Justin, Masten, Weston. Pasting, boasting, toasting, dusting, jesting, casting, feasting, investing, assisting, listing, arresting, nesting, wasting, hoisting, resting.

Postern, western, southeastern. Pestering, bolstering, festering, mastering, mustering.

1. The-company first came together last week. 2. It-was a-month ago. 3. You are against the-whole party. 4. It-was the-com-mon and usual form of oath. 5. The-first part was put away long-ago. 6. I-think it-is worth-that. 7. There-is a-large advantage in it. 8. I-shall recollect about the-thing after you go. 9. It-is-the best we-cangive. 10. What-is-their object? 11, Is-there as-much as-there was ?

Write the following words on the line, and omit the vowels: Book, into, also, ask.

Sec. 11. Subdivisions a and b contain general rules governing the use of all hooks. It is important that they be thoroughly understood.

Sec. 12. The R-hook. - Do not make this hook any larger than it is made in the exercise on page 21. Be sure not to make it on the wrong side of the stem.

Prow, upper, bray, brow, brew, tree, tray, true, try. Troy, trow, eater, otter, outer, dray, draw, drew, dry, aider, odor, adder, odder, udder. Etcher, edger, acre, ochre, crow, crew, eager, ogre, auger, gray, grow, grew. Fray, fry, free, offer, over, ever, three, throw, through, ether, author, either, other, easer. Iser, usher, shrew, error, emir, aimer. Homer, hummer, inner.

Paper, pitcher, baker, betray, botcher, trainer. Deeper, decree, checker, chider, jabber, caper, catcher, calmer, fakir, fetcher, fiber, vigor, shader, leaper, labor, ladder. Archer, meeker, matcher, roguery, rocker, wrecker, wager.

b. Parry, opera, apiary, borrow, berry, bureau, bowery, tyro, tarry, diary, dowry, cheery, cherry, chary, carry, augury, fiery, foray, fairy, ferry, furrow, fury, sherry, showery, miry, morrow, merry, Myra, marrow, Nora, narrow, hero, Harry.

Payer, buyer, bower, dryer, briar, friar, slayer, liar, truer, cower, fewer. Prayer, tire, door, chair, fear, sheer, leer.

c. Parer, parrier, borer, bearer, barrier, burier, adorer, curer, carrier, scourer, currier, courier, firer, fairer, furrier, admirer, demurrer.