Sec. 5. When the stems representing L, R, and Sh, are written upward, they are named Lay, Ray and Shay, respectively; when written downward, they are named El, Ar, and Ish. The following rules are to be observed, in forming outlines containing these stems: a. When L is the only consonant stem in a word, Lay is used. {Line3.) b. When L is the first consonant in an outline containing other stems, El is used if preceded by a vowel; and Lay, 5 not. (Line 4.) c. When L is the last consonant represented by a stem, in an outline containing other stems, Lay is used if followed by a vowel; and El, if not. (Line 5.) d. When R is the first or only stem in a word, Ar is used if a vowel precede it; and Ray, if not. (Line 6.) e. When R is the last consonant represented by a stem, in an outline containing other stems, Ray is used if followed by a vowel; and Ar, if not. (Line 7.) f. When Sh begins an outline, or when it is the only consonant stem in a word, Ish is used. (Line 8.) g. When Sh is the last consonant, in an outline containing other stems, Shay is used if followed by a vowel; and Ish, if not. (Line 9.)

Make the following exceptions to the foregoing rules: h. Lay is used before P, B, T, D, F, V, Th, Dh, Sh, Zh, Lay, Y, and Ray; and after S, Z, Sh, Zh, Lay, R, M, W, and Y. El is usually employed after N and Ng. (Lines 10,11.) i. Ray is used before T, D, Ch, J, Th, Dh, F, and V; and after Th, Dh, M, and H. Ar is used before M and H. (Line 12.)