Sec. 6. The stem

is seldom used, but the sound of H is usually indicated in one of the following ways: 1. By a small dot opposite a vowel sign; 2. By a light tick

struck in the direction of Chay, whenever it will make an acute angle with the succeeding stem; 3. By writing a dash vowel parallel with the stem. (Lines 1-3.) a. For the sound of Wh (pronounced hw), the tick may be shaded, or it may be prefixed to the stem or semicircle W. (Line 4-)

Word-Signs And Contractions

Sec. 7. Abbreviated forms, called word-signs and contrac-tions,are used for words of very frequent occurrence. A word-sign may be either a vowel sign, a circle, or a loop, or a simple stem. A contraction is formed of more than one stem, or of a single stem having some attachment (as a circle, or hook), the whole sign indicating some prominent portion of the word represented by it. These abbreviated forms are written in various positions, generally dependent upon the position of the accented vowel of the word. In some instances, two or more words are represented by the same sign, but when written in a sentence the context will invariably determine which word is intended. (Lines 5-12.)

Write Exercises I., II., and III., of the Speed-book.

a. Phrasing. - Two or more word-signs, if closely related in sense, may be joined in a phrase-sign. The first stem of the phrase is generally written in its usual position, the others following it without lifting the pen. (Line 12. )

Key to Line 12. - Before-that. It-was. Snail-come. They-do. Do-they. Which-can. Or-that. Which-was. Can-do. That-was. Was-that. It-was-no.

b. Small ticks, one-fourth the length of a stem, are used for certain words, and they are named, from the stems they resemble, the P-tick, T-tick, Chay-tick, Bay-tick, etc.

I. - Use the P- or Ray-tick for I, before any stem except Ar and Way: and before those stems use the T-tick only. In the middle, or at the end of a phrase-sign, I is always indicated by the T-tick. (See lines 1-3.)

Word-Signs

He. - Use the Chay-tick only, for He, at the beginning of a phrase. In other places, use any inclined tick that will make a sharp angle with the stem. (See lines4, 5.)

The. - Use the Chay- or Ray-tick for The, before or after another word; except that the P-tick may be used after a stem wherever it will make a better angle. (See lines 6-9.)

A, An, And. - Use the Kay-tick for these words,wherever it will make a distinct angle. In other cases, use the T-tick. (See lines 10,11.)

Write and a, and an

, and the, and hi

, on a

on the

See further explanations of the ticks, page 77, post.

c. Where two different ticks are provided for either of the above words, that one should be used which will make the most distinct angle with the word-sign to which it is attached, and a tick cannot be used where it will not make a distinct angle.