THE fifth Mount type is the Martian, and the portions of the hand which identify him are the two Mounts of Mars, the Upper Mount located on the percussion and above the Line of Head, and the Lower Mount under the Line of Life and above the Mount of Venus. There is also the Plain of Mars, located in the centre of the palm, which bears some relation to the Martian type. For the exact boundaries of these Martian developments consult the map of the Mounts, where they are clearly shown, and note carefully that on the map the lower boundary of Lower Mars is the word "aggression," and all under that word belongs to the Mount of Venus.

As single signs or in combination the star, triangle, circle, single vertical line, trident and square, strengthen the Upper Mount of Mars. The cross-bar, cross, island, dot or grille, show defects of the Mount, either of health or character. Nails, color, etc. will determine which.

All cross lines, stars, crosses or grilles in the Plain of Mars, increase the inflammability and temper of the subject.

Signs on the Lower Mount of Mars must be read on the Influence lines inside of the Life line (113). In the earlier history of Palmistry the Plain of Mars was considered to be the principal part of the Martian development. The Upper Mount was afterwards located and found to be a strong factor, and in later years the Mount of Venus was subdivided so as to give the upper portion to what is now called the Lower Mount of Mars because it is below the Line of Life. Any attempt to use only one of these Martian developments to the exclusion of the other, will lead to error, and it is only by the combined use of the two Mounts and the Plain of Mars that you will be able properly to estimate the Martian, a type constantly encountered in very pure development, and which you will find in combination with most of the other types. In gaining the material for this chapter I have taken the most pronounced Martians, and alongside of them, subjects who have been entirely deficient in Martian development, and from these pronounced cases, several thousand in number, I have tabulated what I believe to be an accurate and trustworthy system of handling the type.

This statement is made here because there has been of late such a diversity of opinion on the subject even among the very best students, that I feel sure all will welcome an elucidation of the Martian question based upon an experience covering many thousand verifications from among the best known Martians in the World. This type embodies the elements of aggression and resistance, and the Martian is consequently a fighter. Do not by any means infer that the Martian always fights with the sword and pistol, or engages in fistic combats, for he is more often found fighting his way against adverse elements and circumstances in the mental or business world. It must not be understood that all Martians will be soldiers (though all true Martians would quickly enlist to fight for a beloved country), but they will always push with vigor anything with which they may be connected, and will more stoutly resist the efforts of those who seek to force them, than will the other types. Thus wherever they are found, Martians are those who fight, and the Martian disposition is an aggressive one. In almost all hands we find some Martian development. If we fail to find it, the subject is easily discouraged and overcome in the struggle for existence.

The Martian qualities of aggression or resistance are necessary to the completion of any character, for without them the subject will be run over and trampled under foot, and no matter how brilliant or talented he may be, without the Martian fighting qualities, his brilliancy will never be brought before the eyes of the world. There are two kinds of fighters: those who are the aggressors and force the issue, and those who act in self-defense or resist the pressure brought to bear upon them. This separation of Martian qualities is shown in the Upper Mount of Mars, which indicates resistance (114), and the Lower Mount of Mars, which shows aggressive spirit (115). Often you find one of these Mounts largely developed and the other small, in which case the subject will have either great aggression, or great resistance, according as it is the Lower or the Upper Mount which is the larger. Often you find both Mounts very largely developed. In this case you have a large supply of both aggression and resistance, and the subject will push himself forward with great persistence, and will also resist vigorously the attempt of anyone to impose upon him. These subjects with both Mounts large, simply shove themselves over every obstacle and stubbornly resist any attempt to force them clown.

They never know when they are beaten, and permit no one to think that defeat is a possibility with them. The strong double Mount is a most advanced Martian development, and when seen, the subject must be classed as a Martian at once. This type is unmistakable. The Plain of Mars, if largely developed, or if much crossed by fine or red lines, will show sudden temper to be present. This development with the other two Mounts large will make a dangerous combination, for it will add inflaminability to the already great aggression and resistance. To the Plain of Mars used to be attributed the aggressive qualities which we now ascribe to the I.ower Mount of Mars, for it was observed by the old palmists that sudden tempers which were present with a strong Plain of Mars made the subject flare up and become very aggressive. But this temper soon died, and it has been observed that there is a vast difference between one who steadily and coolly pushes his way over all opposition, and one who simply gets mad and for the time being makes "Rome howl." The ancients fully appreciated the value in human success of this aggressive quality which would force men to overcome opposition at any cost, and when they put forth the rule that "A hollow palm indicates misery, loss of money, and failure in all enterprises," it was because they thought that the hollow palm showed lack of aggression and that its absence would produce these results.