535 B. On the other hand, compare the following case recorded by Dr. J. Milne Bramwell in his " Personally observed Hypnotic Phenomena" (Proceedings S.P.R., vol. xii. p. 193).

Miss A. I had frequently hypnotised this patient and could influence by suggestion, not only the voluntary muscles, but also the special senses. On awakening she could always recall what had passed, despite suggestions to the contrary. At a later date I found I could make her analgesic by suggestion.

Touching the cornea, passing needles deeply into the flesh, and probing the nose and vocal chords were unaccompanied by pain or disagreeable sensation. On awaking, despite suggested amnesia, the patient could recall all the tactile sensations associated with these operations, but was unable, even in response to suggestion, to revive any memory of pain....

This case may be taken as a typical one, for amongst the numerous operations performed during hypnosis with which I have had to do, I have in no instance been able to revive any memory of pain.

538 A. Two observations of Dr. Liébeault's show how hypnosis, by improving the faculty of attention, may increase the acuteness of the sense of hearing. (Summarised from Thérapeutique Suggestive, pp. 64 et seq).

(1) A. Aubry, aged twenty-three, nearly deaf with both ears from birth, goes to school where sign-language is taught, becomes less able to hear, no longer needing to fix his attention so much on sounds. Hypnotised by Lié-beault, recovers at once his previous degree of hearing; this lasted for four years, when the suggestion of attention became exhausted.

The most noteworthy point is that when Aubry was specially anxious to hear he threw himself into une espéce d 'état passif, - a kind of self-hypnotisation in which his respiration became slower and his power of hearing was increased.

(2) C. Loué was a deaf-mute, aged fifty, deaf since a year old; very slight hearing of right ear. Hypnotised by Liébeault, he heard better, not only during the light sleep, but after awaking. Heard even with left ear, which had never heard before; and was able for the first time to pronounce a few words taught to him. Loué found that he had the power of throwing himself almost instantaneously into a light sleep-waking state. This power once gained, it was observed that in his ordinary condition he was as deaf as ever. The fact was that whenever he really wished to hear he threw himself into this self-hypnotised state; he stood motionless, with eyes fixed and pupils dilated, and loud panting breath. Finding this condition so helpful, he ceased to make the effort to hear in his normal state.

It should be added that his sight was weak; and that when he wanted to execute some delicate piece of work he hypnotised himself in the same way, with the result that he saw objects both more clearly and "larger than life," macropsy. The same subject, as Liébeault mentions in an earlier work, was able in this self-induced sleep-waking state to suggest to himself the bodily presence and contact of other persons with hallucinatory vividness. He cured himself almost instantly of staggering intoxication by a similar process.

Loue" was perhaps born exceptionally capable of self-suggestion. But it looks as though his great stake in the matter had helped him; - his seclusion from ordinary stimuli rendering it easier for him to evoke his subliminal powers.

On the question of the bearing of attention on deafness, see Dussaud's "Méthode d'éducation de l'ouie chez les sourds et du toucher chez les aveugles" (Bulletin de l'Institut Psychologique International, May 1901), consisting of an apparatus ingeniously contrived to produce various sounds, graduated in loudness, etc, to which the patients practise listening, and thus gradually learn to hear fainter and fainter sounds.