923 A. For accounts of the impostures of Madame Blavatsky and other members of the Theosophical Society, see:-

(1) "Report of the Committee appointed to Investigate Phenomena connected with the Theosophical Society," in Proceedings S.P.R. (vol. iii. pp. 201-400). This Committee was appointed in 1884 by the Council of the Society for Psychical Research. It consisted of the following members: Messrs. E. Gurney, R. Hodgson, F. W. H. Myers, F. Podmore, Professor and Mrs. H. Sidgwick, and Mr. J. H. Stack. The report is prefaced by the "Statement and Conclusions of the Committee"; next comes Dr. Hodgson's "Account of Personal Investigations in India, and discussion of the authorship of the 'Koot Hoomi' letters"; numerous facsimiles of the letters are given, together with a report by the expert, Mr. F. G. Netherclift, on the character of the handwritings. An account of some other phenomena - four cases of letters received in a mysterious manner, and four cases of supposed "astral" apparitions - was contributed by Mrs. Sidgwick.

(2) "The Defence of the Theosophists," by Dr. R. Hodgson, in Proceedings S.P.R. (vol. ix. pp. 129-159). This consists of replies to attacks on the above Report.

(3) A Modern Priestess of Isis: abridged and translated on behalf of the Society for Psychical Research from the Russian of V. S. Solovyoff, by Walter Leaf, Litt. D. (Longmans, Green & Co., London, 1895). To Mr. Solovyoff's narrative are added in appendices a defence of Madame Blavatsky by her sister, Madame Jelihovsky, and Mr. Solovyoff's reply to the latter.

(4) Isis very much Unveiled: being the Story of the great Mahatma Hoax, by Edmund Garrett; reprinted from the Westminster Gazette, 1895.

(5) The chapter on "Madame Blavatsky and Theosophy," in Mr. F. Podmore's Studies in Psychical Research (Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., London, 1897).

See also, for reviews of (3) and (4), Proceedings S.P.R., vol. xi. pp. 155-162.

923 B. The following articles in the Proceedings S.P.R. relate -to work done by members of the Society in exposing fraud in connection with some alleged "physical phenomena" of spiritualism, and in showing what conditions are necessary in order to guard against it.

"Results of a Personal Investigation into the Physical Phenomena of Spiritualism, with some critical remarks on the evidence for the genuineness of such Phenomena," by Mrs. H. Sidgwick 1 (vol. iv. p. 45).

"Accounts of some so-called 'Spiritualistic' Seances," by Professor H. Carvill Lewis and others (vol. iv. p. 338).

"The Possibilities of Mal-observation and Lapse of Memory from a practical point of view," by R. Hodgson and S. J. Davey (vol. iv. p. 381).

The two last-named articles relate chiefly to the "slate-writing" performances of the medium Eglinton, and Mr. Davey's successful imitation of them by conjuring. Numerous discussions on the same subject appeared in the Journal S.P.R. during 1886 and 1887 (vols. ii. and iii.).

"On Spirit Photographs," by Mrs. H. Sidgwick (vol. vii. p. 268).

"Mr. Davey's Imitations by Conjuring of Phenomena sometimes attributed to Spirit Agency," by R. Hodgson (vol. viii. p. 253).

"Indian Magic and the Testimony of Conjurers," by R. Hodgson (vol. ix. p. 354).

"Resolute Credulity," by F. W. H. Myers (vol. xi. p. 213).

"Eusapia Paladino," an account by Professor Sidgwick of sittings held with her at Cambridge in 1895, in the Journal S.P.R. (vol. vii. p. 148).

1 See also Mrs. Sidgwick's article on "Spiritualism" in the Encyclopedia Britannica.

I may further refer my readers to the following books:-

Studies in Psychical Research, by Frank Podmore (Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., London, 1897).

Modern Spiritualism: a History and a Criticism, by Frank Podmore (Methuen & Co., London, 1902).

Preliminary Report of the Commission appointed by the University of Pennsylvania to investigate Modern Spiritualism, in accordance with the request of the late Henry Seybert (J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, 1887).

The Death-Blow to Spiritualism: being the true story of the Fox Sisters, as revealed by authority of Margaret Fox Kane and Catherine Fox Jencken, by Reuben Briggs Davenport (New York: J. W. Dillingham Co., 1888; also 1897).

Revelations of a Spirit Medium; or Spiritualistic Mysteries Exposed: a detailed explanation of the methods used by fraudulent mediums. By a Medium (St. Paul, Minn.: Farrington & Co., 1891).

The Bottom Facts concerning the Science of Spiritualism derived from careful investigations covering a period of twenty-five years, by John W. Truesdell. With many descriptive illustrations (New York: G. W. Carle -ton & Co.; London: S. Low & Co., 1884).

Confessions of a Medium (Griffith & Farran, London, 1882).

Spirit Slate-writing and Kindred Phenomena, by William E. Robinson (New York: Munn & Co., 1898; London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co.). This contains a good account by a professional conjurer of various methods of producing slate-writing by trickery.

Some Account of the Vampires of Onset, Past and Present (S. Wood-berry & Co., Boston, 1892).

Modern Spiritualism, by J. N. Maskelyne (London: F. Warne & Co.).