Another way to arrange paper and cardboard problems having peculiar advantages is by concentration of attention and effort upon a more limited field of work, taking for instance the third grade for one group of problems such as book problems, and the fourth grade for another group, such as box problems. This concentration gives more ability in the lines undertaken, but does not open up so large a field. This work may follow either of the arrangements suggested for the first and second grades.

First Grade

See any one of the three arrangements suggested on pages 137, 142, and 144.

Second Grade

See arrangements on pages 139, 143, and 145.

Third Grade Selections of book problems

I. 311. Scrap-book................................. 42

II. 312. Small sewed pamphlet...................... 44

III. 313. Sewed pamphlet with reinforced back........ 46

IV. 314. Cloth covered portfolio ..................... 47

V. 315. Glued booklet ............................. 48

VI. 316. Cloth bound book.......................... 49

VII. 411. Pocket paper file ........................... 52

VIII. 412. Desk paper file.............................. 54

IX. 413. Note-book covers ........................... 54

X. 414. Portfolio with cloth corners ................ 58

XI. 415. Bound scrap-book ......................... 61

XII. 416. Bound drawings........................... 61

XIII. 417. Rebound book ............................. 62

XIV. 417. Bound magazines.......................... 62

Fourth Grade. Selections of box problems

I. 321. Covered small box......................... 74

II. 322. Pencil box with fitted cover ................ 76

III. 323. Candy box ................................ 77

IV. 324. Folding box ............................... 80

V. 421. Pin box with cover......................... 81

VI. 422. Post card box ............................. 83

VII. 423. Original box .............................. 84

VIII. 424. Pen box................................... 86

IX. 425. Sliding box............................... 88

If there are not enough problems for the time available in either the third or fourth grades, the problems suggested should indicate types of book and box making which may help in original work planned by the student. There are enough possible problems in either book or box making to occupy all the handwork periods for both grades. It may seem better to reverse the arrangement and put the box problems in the third grade and the book problems in the fourth grade.

It should be remembered that a half year is about all that can well be allowed for paper and cardboard work in each grade, if clay work and basketry and weaving are also undertaken.

are also desirable, and a chip carving knife is useful for heavy card work if the heavy stock is not cut to size before being passed. For this heavy cutting, a piece of 9"x 12" cloth board makes a good protection for the desk. An eighteen inch steel straightedge is also an advantage in heavy cutting. For decorative work, such materials as are used in the drawing class will be found useful. These materials include: crayons, water colors with brushes, ink with pens and brushes. The following list may be taken as representing an adequate equipment for twenty-five pupils in paper and cardboard construction in one room, including demonstration equipment for the teacher, but not including freehand drawing equipment:

All of this equipment should be provided with neat racks or boxes, or at least should be kept at all times when not in use in a particular place in the teacher's storage closet. Nothing looks much worse in school than slovenly care of school apparatus. The supervisor should watch this carefully, and make suggestions as needed.