Cast Steel. Continued
Description
This section is from the book "Notes On Construction In Mild Steel", by Henry Fidler. Also available from Amazon: Notes On Construction In Mild Steel.
Cast Steel. Continued
The annealing of steel castings is frequently adopted, the castings being re-heated in a specially constructed furnace, and allowed to cool gradually for certain specified periods. All the tests enumerated in the following tables are on annealed specimens.
The bending tests are commonly carried out on square or round bars bent cold by an hydraulic press over a curved block, the radius of which is specified, and it is well for the student in drawing up his requirements in this particular to be clear as to the meaning of the clause defining the angle through which the bar is to bend. Thus to specify that a bar shall bend to an angle of 45°, appears to leave it an open question as to whether it shall bend through an angle of 45° or through an angle of 135°. The use of the term "interior angle," or, better still, the figured diagram, will, however, leave the requirement intelligible and free from dispute. Considerable variations will be observed in the tables with respect to the angles bent through, as compared with the ultimate elongation in tensile tests, and the causes of this variability are not very obvious. It is possible, however, that they are partly due to differences of conditions in the process of annealing. The following table, No. 19, shows, in general terms, the practice with respect to annealing of steel castings, position of test-pieces, etc., of five of the leading cast-steel manufacturers in this country at the present time.
Table No. 19. Showing The Practice With Respect To The Annealing Of Steel Castings, And Position Of Test-Pieces, Of Five Leading Cast-Steel Manufacturers In Great Britain
Description of furnace. | Siemens open-hearth steel furnaces. | Special Siemens-Martin furnaces. | Siemens- Martin open-hearth furnaces. | Siemens- Martin open-hearth furnaces. | Siemens- Martin open-hearth furnaces. |
Annealing furnace. | Secret method of annealing. Castings annealed for at least ten days. | Castings annealed in special furnaces heated by gas for about four to six days. | Castings about seven days in annealing furnace. | No information given. | Castings heated to a bright cherry-red for about three days. |
Position of test-pieces on castings and method of annealing them. | These are always attached to the main casting and annealed with them. Their position on the casting is usually kept as near as possible to the runner. The tensile and bending specimens are taken from the same piece. | These are always attached to the main casting and annealed in position. They are not cast in any particular way on the piece. The tensile and bending specimens are taken from the same piece. | These are always attached to the main casting and annealed in position. The test-piece is invariably at the bottom of the casting, the runner being at the top. The tensile and bending specimens are taken from the same piece. | These are always attached to the main casting and annealed in position. The test-pieces are usually placed at the joints of the moulding boxes. The position of the runner varies. The tensile and bending specimens are separate on the casting. | The test-pieces are cast in a vertical position at the bottom of the mould in the case of large castings. They are cast separately with smaller pieces. They are annealed with their castings. The tensile and bending specimens are taken from the same piece. |
The great advantage possessed by cast steel over cast iron in the ductility exhibited even by the smallest angle bent through, given in the table, is sufficiently obvious.
Fig. 4 is an elevation of a typical specimen of cast-steel test bar nominally 1 inch square, bent by hydraulic pressure over a block having a radius of 1½ inch, to an interior angle of 70°, and remaining unbroken.
Fig. 5 is a section of the bar on the line a-b, showing the section of the bar, with its square edges machined or filed off. (The whole bar was machined.) Fig. 6 gives the section through the bend of the bar on the line c, d, and shows the flow of material due to the process, the concave fibres in compression being laterally extended, while the convex surface is contracted, accompanied by a slight hollowness in the sides, the whole figure well exhibiting the ductility of the material.
Fig. 4. Scale, half full size.
Fig. 5. Scale, half full size.
Fig. 6. Scale, half full size.
The tensile tests are made in the usual way on specimens which are sometimes 8 inches in length between the shoulders, but more commonly 2 inches in length, the latter dimension being that usually preferred by the steel founder, as being more advantageous from his point of view.
Table No. 20. Tensile And Bending Tests On Cast-Steel Bars
All bars machined approximately 1 inch square (with the exceptions described) for bending tests, and prepared in the usual way for tensile tests.
Bending tests were made over a block having a radius of 1½ inch, and were bent cold under hydraulic pressure. All specimens, both for bending and tensile tests, were annealed with the castings which they were intended to represent.
The Material For The Greater Part Of The Castings Was Supplied Under The Specification Given On P. 19
No. of test. | Description of casting. | Ultimate tensile strength. Tons per sq. inch. | Elongation in 8 inches. Per cent. | Elongation in 2 inches. Per cent. | Angle through which test-piece was bent. Degrees. | Remarks. |
1 | Pawl racks | 18.7 | 5.0 | • • • | All these results being so much below the specified requirements, the castings represented were rejected | |
2 | " | 18.7 | 3.1 | |||
3 | " | 19.8 | 3.7 | |||
4 | " | 22.5 | 2.25 | • • • | ||
5 | " | 24.0 | 4.25 | |||
6 | " | 242 | 3.75 | |||
7 | " | 23.3 | 2.75 | |||
8 | " | 21.8 | 2.5 | |||
9 | " | 32.5 | 14.75 | Good fracture | ||
10 | " | 26.75 | 10.50 | " | ||
11 | " | 37.50 | 16.75 | " | ||
12 | " | 26.90 | 9.75 | " | ||
13 | " | 27.50 | 15.75 | " Below the spe-cified elongate tion | ||
14 | " | 29.75 | 8.0 | |||
15 | " | 32.1 | 18.75 | Good fracture | ||
16 | " | 32.2 | 20.5 | " | ||
17 | " | 33.6 | 20.0 | " | ||
18 | " | 33.9 | 20.75 | " | ||
19 | " | 33.85 | 11.0 | " | ||
20 | " | 32.45 | 12.0 | " | ||
21 | " | 31.5 | 22.2 | " | ||
22 | " | 31.1 | 13.5 | " | ||
23 | " | 31.1 | 21.25 | " | ||
24 | " | 30.9 | 23.25 | " |
No. of test. | Description of casting. | Ultimate tensile strength. Tons per sq. inch. | Elongation in 8 inches. Per cent. | Elongation in 2 inches. Per cent. | Angle through which test-piece was bent. Degrees. | Remarks. |
25 | Pawl racks | 29.1 | 23.0 | ... | • • • | Good fracture |
26 | " | 29.0 | 23.5 | ... | • • • | " |
27 | " | 30.2 | 19.75 | ... | • • • | " |
28 | " | 28.6 | 19.5 | ... | • •• | " |
29 | " | 29.8 | 23.1 | ... | • • • | " |
30 | " | 29.2 | 19.5 | ... | • • * | " |
31 | " | 31.0 | 23.0 | .... | • • • | " |
32 | " | 30.4 | 24.5 | ... | • •• | " |
33 | " | 32.1 | 21.8 | ... | • • • | " |
34 | " | 32.0 | 20.5 | ... | • • • | " |
35 | " | 31.5 | 19.0 | ... | • • • | " |
36 | " | 32.0 | 21.75 | ... | • •• | " |
37 | " | 31.75 | 24.75 | ... | • •• | " |
38 | " | 33.25 | 21.5 | ... | • • • | " |
39 | " | 27.85 | • • • | ... | • • • | Broke outside datura points |
40 | " | 34.15 | 22.25 | • • • | These specimens were cut from the racks themselves, and not from runners cast at the same time as the racks | |
411 | 31.8 | 26.02 | 105 | |||
42 | " | 31.02 | 26.0 | 95 | ||
43 | " | 32.8 | 21.0 | 90 | ||
44 | " | 31.5 | 21.5 | 115 | ||
45 | " | 33.25 | 20.0 | 110 | ||
46 | " | 32.9 | 20.5 | 120 | ||
47 | " | 31.9 | 15.0 | 90 | ||
48 | " | 31.8 | 170 | 88 | ||
49 | " | 31.55 | 15.0 | 87 | ||
50 | " | 32.4 | 16.5 | 105 | ||
51 | " | 32.6 | 16.0 | 100 | ||
52 | " | 31.85 | 16.0 | 102 |
1Test Nos. 41 to 63 inclusive for bending were made on bars ⅞ inch to 15/16 inch square. Bending tests Nos. 64 to 97 inclusive were made on 1 inch diameter round bars.
2 specimens For Testing In Tension Were From 0.74 To 0.81 Inch In Diameter, And From 043 To 051 Square Inch In Area
No. of test. | Description of casting. | Ultimate tensile strength. Tons per sq. inch. | Elongation in 8 inches. per cent. | Elongation in 2 inches. Per cent. | Angle through which test-piece was bent. Degrees. | Remarks. |
53 | Bollards | 29.6 | 16.0 | 110 | ||
54 | " | 30.4 | 14.0 | 115 | ||
55 | " | 29.4 | 18.0 | 105 | ||
56 | " | 32.6 | 18.0 | 105 | ||
57 | " | 32.75 | 17.0 | 110 | ||
58 | " | 31.80 | 17.0 | 105 | ||
59 | " | 32.75 | 18.0 | 95 | ||
60 | " | 32.90 | 19.0 | 105 | Sound | |
61 | " | 31.8 | 17.0 | 110 | " | |
62 | " | 31.6 | 18.0 | 105 | Broke | |
63 | " | 31.3 | 16.0 | 100 | Sound | |
64 | " | 33.5 | 19.0 | 96 | " | |
65 | " | 34.6 | 18.5 | 105 | Broke | |
66 | " | 33.4 | 14.5 | 95 | " | |
67 | " | 34.8 | 18.0 | 105 | Sound | |
68 | " | 28.8 | 18.0 | 100 | Broke | |
69 | " | 30.0 | 16.0 | 100 | Sound | |
70 | " | 28.8 | 19.0 | 113 | Broke | |
71 | " | 33.8 | 16.0 | 100 | Sound | |
72 | " | 34.3 | 16.0 | 90 | " | |
73 | " | 30.9 | 24.0 | 90 | " | |
74 | " | 30.6 | 23.0 | 90 | " | |
75 | " | 30.5 | 25.0 | 90 | " | |
76 | " | 33.3 | 26.0 | 90 | " | |
77 | " | 32.0 | 26.0 | 90 | " | |
78 | " | 32.9 | 22.0 | 95 | " | |
79 | " | 32.2 | 23.0 | 90 | " | |
80 | " | 32.4 | 26.0 | 90 | " | |
81 | " | 32.2 | 23.0 | 90 | " | |
82 | " | 32.5 | 20.0 | 90 | " | |
83 | " | 32.0 | 27.0 | 90 | " | |
84 | " | 30.8 | 24.0 | 90 | " | |
85 | " | 32.3 | 23.0 | 90 | " | |
86 | " | 33.0 | 30.0 | 90 | " | |
87 | " | 33.8 | 25.0 | 90 | " | |
88 | " | 33.0 | 28.0 | 90 | " | |
89 | " | 33.7 | 21.0 | 90 | " | |
90 | " | 34.2 | 27.0 | 90 | " | |
91 | " | 33.7 | 22.0 | 90 | " | |
92 | " | 34.2 | 26.0 | 90 | " | |
93 | " | 32.2 | 25.0 | 90 | " | |
94 | " | 35.2 | 21.0 | 90 | " | |
95 | " | 34.2 | 23.0 | 90 | " | |
96 | " | 33.1 | 23.5 | 90 | " | |
97 | " | 33.2 | 23.0 | 90 | " |
No. of test. | Description of casting. | Ultimate tensile strength. Tons per sq. inch. | Elongation in 8 inches. Per cent. | Elongation in 2 inches. Per cent. | Angle through which test-piece was bent. Degrees. | Remarks. |
98 | Roller 1 Path Castings | 32.2 | • •• | 19.0 | 45 | Sound |
99 | " | 29.6 | • • • | 28.0 | 50 | " |
100 | " | 29.0 | • • • | 14.0 | 50 | " |
101 | " | 31.3 | • . • | 19.0 | 50 | " |
102 | " | 28.9 | • • . | 13.0 | 51 | " |
103 | " | 33.5 | 11.5 | • •• | 45 | Broke |
104 | " | 31.0 | • • . | 28.0 | 50 | Sound |
105 | " | 29.1 | 12.5 | •• • | 50 | " |
106 | " | 30.3 | • • .. | 29.0 | 50 | " |
107 | " | 29.1 | • • • | 31.0 | 60 | " |
108 | " | 27.3 | • • • | 19.0 | 60 | " |
109 | ' | 29.4 | 12.0 | • • • | 70 | Broke |
110 | " | 31.3 | • • • | 28.0 | 57 | Sound |
111 | " | 33.2 | 10.5 | • • • | 50 | Broke |
112 | " | 29.5 | 20.0 | • • • | 75 | " |
113 | " | 31.8 | 21.0 | • • • | 70 | " |
114 | " | 30.2 | • • • | 30.0 | .50 | " |
115 | " | 28.8 | 26.0 | • • • | 48 | Sound |
116 | " | 27.0 | 13.5 | • • • | 51 | " |
117 | " | 29.4 | 13.5 | • • • | 75 | Broke |
118 | " | 32.2 | • • ∙ | 16.0 | 45 | Sound |
119 | " | 29.2 | 25.0 | • • • | 50 | " |
120 | " | 29.3 | 15.0 | ■ • • | 55 | Broke |
121 | " | 29.5 | 16.0 | • • • | 50 | Sound |
122 | " | 33.3 | • • • | 18.0 | 50 | Broke |
123 | " | 31.6 | 15.0 | • • • | 40 | " |
124 | " | 31.7 | • •• | 14.0 | 35 | " |
125 | " | 31.6 | 14.0 | • • • | 80 | " |
126 | " | 34.0 | 13.0 | • • • | 70 | " |
127 | " | 31.7 | • • • | 29.0 | 125 | " |
128 | " | 29.2 | • • • | 25.0 | 100 | " |
129 | " | 31.6 | 14.0 | • • • | 125 | Sound |
130 | " | 29.9 | • • • | 15.0 | 70 | Broke |
131 | " | 29.6 | 10.0 | • • • | 90 | " |
132 | " | 30.6 | 15.0 | • • • | 90 | Sound |
133 | " | 29.7 | 12.0 | . • • | 135 | " |
134 | " | 30.7 | • • • | 24.0 | 145 | " |
135 | " | 33.3 | 13.0 | • • • | 65 | Broke |
136 | " | 34.2 | 14.0 | . • . | 140 | Sound |
137 | " | 29.1 | 11.0 | • • • | 145 | " |
1 The Details Of These Roller Paths Are Given In Figs. 403, 404, And A Description Will Be Found On P. 410
No. of test. | Description of casting. | Ultimate tensile strength. Tons per sq. inch. | Elongation in 8 inches. Per cent. | Elongation in 2 inches. Per cent. | Angle through which test-piece was bent. Degrees. | Remarks. |
138 | Roller path castings | 29.9 | • • • | 12.0 | 45 | Broke |
139 | " | 33.7 | • • • | 16.0 | 50 | " |
140 | " | 29.7 | 10.0 | • • • | 70 | " |
141 | " | 30.5 | • • . | 30.0 | 55 | " |
142 | " | 30.5 | • • • | .5.0 | 130 | " |
143 | " | 29.7 | 10.0 | • • • | 70 | " |
144 | " | 31.2 | 11.0 | • • • | 75 | " |
145 | " | 28.1 | • • • | 28.0 | 145 | " |
146 | " | 31.1 | • • • | 150 | 80 | " |
147 | " | 29.8 | 12.0 | • • • | 75 | " |
148 | " | 30.2 | • • • | 20.0 | 145 | Sound |
149 | " | 26.1 | • * • | 8.0 | 85 | Broke |
150 | " | 27.8 | • • • | 10.0 | 70 | " |
151 | " | 29.6 | • • • | 18.0 | 70 | " |
152 | " | 29.2 | • • • | 23.0 | 95 | " |
153 | ") | 31.5 | • • • | 19.0 | 95 | |
154 | " | 31.2 | • • • | 16.0 | 90 | Sound |
155 | " | 29.6 | • . • | 10.0 | 90 | Broke |
156 | " | 27.9 | 17.0 | • • • | 100 | " |
157 | " | 29.9 | • • • | 24.0 | 75 | " |
158 | " | 30.5 | • • • | 19.0 | 55 | " |
159 | " | 32.1 | • • » | 21.0 | 60 | " |
160 | " | 32.4 | • • • | 20.0 | 105 | " |
161 | " | 28.5 | • • • | 10.0 | 45 | " |
162 | " | 33.9 | • • • | 24.0 | 45 | " |
163 | " | 30.5 | • • • | 17.0 | 105 | " |
164 | " | 28.0 | • • . | 21.0 | 70 | " |
165 | " | 30.2 | • • • | 29.0 | 52 | Sound |
166 | " | 31.7 | 15.0 | ••• | 75 | Broke |
167 | " | 31.0 | • • • | 16.0 | 110 | Sound |
168 | " | 30.0 | 13.0 | • • • | 95 | " |
169 | " | 32.2 | 12.0 | .. • | 90 | " |
170 | " | 29.2 | 19.0 | • • • | 70 | Broke |
171 | " | 31.5 | • • • | 17.0 | 65 | Broke |
172 | " | 27.1 | 10.0 | . • • | 65 | |
173 | " | 28.7 | . • • | 15.0 | 80 | Sound |
174 | " | 27.6 | 13.0 | • • . | 60 | Broke |
175 | " | 27.7 | 25.0 | • • • | 55 | " |
176 | " | 32.9 | • • • | 15.0 | 80 | " |
177 | " | 30.2 | • •• | 20.0 | 135 | Sound |
178 | " | 31.2 | 11.0 | . •• | 75 | Broke |
179 | " | 28.9 | 110 | ••• | 62 | " |
180 | " | 30.1 | 13.0 | . •• | 52 | to |
No. of test. | Description of casting. | Ultimate tensile strength. Tons per sq.inch. | Elongation in 8 inches. Per cent. | Elongation in 2 inches. Per cent. | Angle through which test-piece was bent. Degrees. | Remarks. |
181 | Roller path castings | 28.4 | 11.0 | • • • | 76 | Broke |
182 | " | 283 | 12.0 | ••• | 67 | " |
183 | " | 28.7 | 10.0 | • • • | 122 | Sound |
184 | " | 32.2 | • •• | 26.0 | 65 | Broke |
185 | " | 28.0 | 10.0 | • • • | 95 | " |
186 | " | 31.2 | • • • | 25.0 | 77 | " |
187 | " | 30.0 | 11.0 | • • • | 75 | " |
188 | " | 32.0 | 15.0 | • • • | 145 | Sound |
189 | " | 27.5 | 18.0 | • • . | 40 | Broke |
190 | " | 27.6 | 8.0 | • • • | 60 | " |
191 | " | 27.9 | 8.0 | • • • | 87 | " |
192 | " | 28.8 | 8.0 | • •• | 67 | " |
193 | " | 30.3 | 15.0 | • •• | 85 | " |
194 | Roller1 castings | 29.2 | ••• | 26.0 | 50 | Sound |
195 | " | 33.5 | 11.5 | • •• | 45 | Broke |
196 | " | 28.8 | 26.0 | • • • | 48 | Sound |
197 | " | 29.5 | 16.0 | • •• | 50 | " |
198 | " | 28.7 | • • • | 34.0 | 49 | " |
199 | " | 28.7 | 34.0 | • •• | 64 | Broke |
200 | " | 30.5 | 14.5 | • • • | 135 | Sound |
201 | " | 29.5 | 185 | • • • | 65 | Broke |
202 | " | 29.6 | 13.5 | • • • | 85 | " |
203 | " | 31.0 | 14.5 | • • . | 60 | " |
204 | " | 25.4 | 12.0 | • • • | 75 | " |
205 | " | 27.3 | 10.0 | ••. | 80 | " |
206 | " | 27.9 | 12.5 | • • | 75 | " |
207 | " | 28.3 | ••• | 19.0 | 150 | Sound |
208 | " | 25.4 | 135 | • •• | 80 | Broke |
209 | " | 29.4 | 13.5 | • • • | 115 | " |
210 | " | 29.6 | 19.0 | .. • | 95 | " |
211 | " | 29.7 | 16.0. | ... | 110 | " |
212 | " | 28.0 | 13.5 | • •. | 60 | " |
213 | " | 29.3 | 13.5 | • • | 70 | " |
214 | " | 81-1 | 14.0 | • • • | 105 | Sound |
215 | " | 28.0 | 20.0 | • • • | 90 | Broke |
216 | " | 29.2 | • • • | 24.0 | 45 | " |
217 | " | 29.0 | • • • | 26.0 | 55 | " |
218 | " | 29.2 | • • • | 26.0 | 50 | " |
219 | " | 29.4 | • • • | 25.0 | 50 | " |
220 | " | 28.9 | • • . | 28.0 | 45 | " |
1 The Details Of These Rollers Are Given In Figs. 405, 406, And A Description Will Be Found On P. 412
No. of test. | Description of casting. | Ultimate tensile strength. Tons per sq. inch. | Elongation in 8 inches. Per cent. | Elongation in 2 inches. Per cent. | Angle through which test-piece was bent. Degrees. | Remarks. |
221 | Roller castings | 27.3 | . • . | 19.0 | 60 | Sound |
222 | " | 31.3 | • • • | 19.0 | 50 | " |
223 | " | 33.5 | 11.0 | • •• | 45 | Broke |
224 | " | 28.9 | • • | 28.0 | 45 | Sound |
225 | " | 29.1 | 12.0 | • • • | 50 | " |
226 | " | 27.3 | • • • | 19.0 | 60 | " |
Castings for machinery | ||||||
227 | Cast steel1 | 32.9 | 14.0 | • • • | 50 | Broke |
228 | Cylinders for hydraulic rams | 31.8 | 13.0 | • • • | 90 | Sound |
229 | " | 34.2 | 10.0 | • • | 90 | " |
230 | " | 27.8 | 20.0 2 | • • • | 90 | " |
231 | " | 28.9 | 21.0 | • • | 90 | " |
232 | " | 28.2 | 22.02 | • • • | 90 | " |
233 | " | 26.6 | • • • | 15.0 | 90 | " |
234 | " | 29.6 | • • • | 34.0 | 164 | " |
235 | " | 28.4 | ■ • • | 26.0 | 155 | " |
236 | " | 35.0 | • • | 21.0 | 73 | Broke |
237 | Pinions | 33.0 | • • • | 25.0 | 85 | " |
238 | " | 34.7 | • • • | 27.0 | 90 | Sound |
239 | " | 28.2 | • • • | 35.0 | 180 | " |
240 | " | 35.6 | • • • | 15.0 | 85 | " |
241 | " | 34.2 | ■ • • | 12.0 | 60 | " |
242 | Bevel pinions | 31.6 | • • ■ | 8.5 | 55 | •• • |
243 | " | 32.2 | • • • | 12.03 | • • • | •• • |
244 | Wheels | 36.4 | • •« | 22.0 | 83 | " |
245 | Clutches | 30.2 | • •» | 12.0 | 78 | Broke |
246 | " | 32.0 | • • ■ | 17.0 | 74 | " |
247 | " | 32.9 | • • • | 18.0 | 68 | " |
248 | Crank discs | 28.2 | • • | 35.0 | 164 | " |
249 | " | 29.6 | • • • | 34.0 | 73 | " |
250 | Stuffing-box covers | 31.6 | • • • | 31.0 | 180 | " |
251 | " | 31.4 | • • • | 29.0 | 180 | " |
252 | " | 29.0 | • • • | 30.0 | 180 | Sound |
1 These cylinders are referred to on p. 415.
2 Extension on 6 inches.
3 Re-test of No. 242.
No. of test. | Description of casting. | Ultimate tensile strength. Tons per sq. inch. | Elongation in 8 inches. Per cent. | Elongation in 2 inches. Per cent. | Angle through which test-piece was bent. Degrees. | Remarks. |
253 | Sundry small castings | 31.3 | 28.0 | • • • | 57 | Broke |
254 | " | 27.0 | 13.5 | • • . | 51 | Sound |
255 | " | 32.2 | • • • | 16.0 | 45 | " |
256 | " | 29.2 | 25.0 | • • • | 50 | " |
257 | " | 29.6 | • •• | 28.0 | 86 | " |
258 | " | 31.2 | 11.0 | • • • | 75 | Broke |
259 | " | 33.8 | 11.5 | • • • | 115 | " |
260 | " | 32.6 | 10.5 | • • • | 120 | " |
261 | " | 28.9 | • •• | 21.0 | 55 | Sound |
262 | " | 33.9 | • • • | 24.0 | 145 | Broke |
263 | " | 33.0 | • •• | 25.0 | 90 | ' |
264 | " | 29.6 | • • • | 28.0 | 135 | Sound |
265 | " | 33.9 | • • • | 24.0 | 45 | Broke |
266 | " | 27.0 | 13.0 | • • • | 51 | Sound |
267 | Brackets for sliding doors | 30.5 | 18.5 | ... | • • • | • • • |
268 | 36.0 | 15.7 | • •• | • • • | • • • | |
269 | " | 29.8. | 17.5 | • • • | • • • | • • • |
270 271 272 | Crucible caststeel wheels for bogie waggons to carry 5 0-ton loads | 35.0 390 36.5 | • • • | 30.0 | • • • | On 2" |
• • • | 26.6 | • • • | On 3" | |||
• • • | 29.3 | • • • | " | |||
273 | Pinion | 32.6 | • • • | 6.0 (test piece defective) | 90 | Sound |
274 | " | 31.6 | • • • | 25.0 | 90 | " |
275 | " | 31.4 | • • • | 32.0 | 45 | " |
276 | " | 34.0 | • • • | 16.0 | 105 | " |
277 | " | 33.0 | • • • | 20.0 | 105 | " |
278 | " | 32.0 | .• • | 28.0 | 90 | " |
279 | " | 29.7 | • • • | 14.0 | 60 | Broke |
280 | Bevel wheel | 33.0 | • • | 27.0 | 90 | Sound |
281 | " | 33.8 | • • • | 30.0 | 95 | " |
282 | " | 39.0 | • • • | 20.0 | 90 | " |
283 | Running wheel | 34.8 | • • | 27.0 | 45 | " |
284 | Curb ring | 35.6 | • • • | 23.0 | 45 | " |
285 | 35.0 | • • | 23-0 | 90 | " | |
286 | " | 37.0 | • • • | 22.0 | 60 | " |
287 | " | 32.0 | • ■ • | 32.0 | 90 | " |
288 | Sundry cast-ings for vari-ous purposes | 27.6 | 8.5 | • ... | 65 | Broke |
No. of test. | Description of casting. | Ultimate tensile strength. Tons per sq. inch. | Elongation in 8 inches. Per cent. | Elongation in 2 inches. Per cent. | Angle through which test-piece was bent. Degrees. | Remarks. |
289 | Sundry castings for vari-'ous purposes | 30.5 | • • • | 18.0 | 77 | Broke |
290 | " | 312 | ••• | 25.0 | 60 | " |
291 | " | 32.2 | • • • | 26.0 | 87 | " |
292 | " | 32.2 | • • • | 26.0 | 95 | " |
293 | " | 29.4 | 15.0 | • • • | 87 | " |
294 | " | 29.8 | • • • | 21.0 | 85 | Sound |
295 | " | 28.0 | 10.0 | • • • | 90 | " |
296 | " | 30.5 | • • | 18.0 | 65 | Broke |
297 | " | 30..8 | • • | 24.0 | 87 | " |
298 | " | 325 | 19.0 | .. • | 75 | " |
299 | " | 29.4 | 16.0 | • • • | 90 | " |
300 | " | 29.8 | 15.0 | • • • | 65 | " |
301 | " | 29.2 | • . • | 18.0 | 118 | Sound |
302 | " | 29.2 | • • • | 15.0 | 55 | Broke |
303 | " | 31.5 | • • • | 21.0 | 60 | " |
304 | " | 30.9 | • • • | 22.0 | 63 | " |
305 | " | 31.2 | . • • | 20.0 | 58 | " |
306 | " | 31.9 | • • • | 14.0 | 59 | " |
The following experiments on the transverse resistance to bending of cast-steel bars are of interest, more especially as similar tests are, so far as the writer knows, somewhat rare.
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