Population.

Square Miles.

Square Kilometers.

In Thousands.

Per

Square Mile.

Per

Square Kilo.

(1)

Asia

17,071,999

44,216,523

820,768

48.0

18.5

(2)

Europe

3,824,956

9,906,647

393,486

102.9

40.5

(3)

Africa

11,506,785

29,802,603

180,321

15.6

6.2

(4)

America

15,284,872

39,587,860

146,432

9.5

3.6

(5)

Australia and

Oceania

. 3,457,667

8,955,369

6,450

1.8

0.7

(6)

Polar Regions

1,656,394

4,290,065

13

0.008

Total.........

52,802,673

136,759,067

1,547.470

177.808

11.6

Date.

Explorer and Nationality.

Discovery or Exploration.

A.D.

1513

Balboa (Span.)

Crosses Isthmus of Panama and discovers Pacific Ocean.

1516

Solis (Span.)

Reaches La Plata.

1517

Sebastian Cabot (Eng.). . .

Hudson Strait.

1519-21

Cortex (Span.)

Conquest of Mexico.

1519-21

Magellan (Span.)

First to circumnavigate the globe. Passes through the Strait of Magellan, crosses the Pacific, and discovers the Philippines.

1534

Pizarro (Span.)

Completes the Conquest of Peru.

1535

Diego d' Almagro (Span.).

Conquers Chili.

1535-42

Jacques Cartier (Fr.)

Gulf of St. Lawrence. Ascends river to Hochelaga (Montreal).

1539

Francesco de Ulloa (Span.)

Explores Gulf of California.

about 1540

French

Continent of Australia seen by French sailors.

1541

Pizarro and Orellana (Span.).............

Amazon River.

1542

Antonio de Mota...

First reaches Japan.

4 *

Ruy Lopez de Villalobos.. (Span.)

Discovers Pelew Islands, and takes possession of Philippine Islands for Spain.

• 4

Pinto (Port.)............

Visits Japan.

1553

Sir H. Willoughby (Eng.).

Novaia Zemlia.

1576

Frobisher (Eng.)

Labrador and Baffin Land.

1577-80

Sir F. Drake (Eng.)......

Second circumnavigation of the globe, and first saw Cape Horn. Explored W. coast of N. America nearly as far as Vancouver Archipelago.

1587

J. Davis (Eng.)

Davis Strait.

1596

Barentz and Heemskerk (Dut.)..............

Spitzbergen, Bear Islands, etc.

1598

Mendana (Span.)

Discovers Marquesas Islands.

1606

Quiros (Span.)

Tahiti (Sagittaria), and other South Sea Islands.

4 4

Torres (Span.)

Torres Strait. Dutch reach Australia.

160S

Champlain (French)

Discovers Lake Ontario.

1610

H. Hudson (Eng.).......

Hudson Bay and discoveries in N. America.

1614-17

Spillbergen (Dut.)

Circumnavigation of the globe.

1616

W. Baffin (Eng.)........

Enters Baffin Bay.

4 4

LeMaire and Schouten (Dut.).............

Round Cape Horn.

4 4

Dirk Hartog (Dut.). .....

West coast of Australia.

1618

G. Thompson (Eng. mer.).

Sails up Gambia.

1642

Abel Tasman (Dut.).....

Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) and New Zealand.

1643

Vries (Dut.)............

Explores E. coast Japan, Saghalien, and Kurile Is.

1645

Deshnev (Cossack)

Rounds East Cape of Asia from the Kolyma to the Anadyr.

1660

French

Lake region of the St. Lawrence discovered.

1673

Marquette and Joliet (Fr )

Exploration of the Mississippi from the north.

1725-43

Russians

Exploration of the coasts of Siberia.

1728 and 41

Bering (Dan.) and Tishirikov (Rus.). . . .

Bering Strait and the NW. coast of America.

1764-66

Byron (Eng.)

Circumnavigation of the globe

1768-79

Capt. Cook (Eng.).......

Voyages round the world. Hydrographical surveys of the Society Islands, Sandwich Islands, E. coast of Australia, Cook Strait in New Zealand, Antarctic Ocean, NW. coast of America, etc.

1770

James Bruce (Scot.)

Sources of the Blue Nile.

"

Liakhov (Russian)

Discovers New Siberian Islands.

1785-88

La Perouse (French)

North of Japan, Saghalien, etc.

1789

A. Mackenzie (Scot.)

Exploration of the Mackenzie River.

1792

Vancouver (Eng.)

Vancouver Island circumnavigated. Discovered by Perez, 1774. Exploration of NW. coast of America.

1795-1806

Mungo Park (Scot.)......

Journeys and explorations in the Niger districts.

1799-1804

Alex. von Humboldt (Ger.)..............

Explorations in South America and "Cosmos."

1801-1804

Flinders (Eng.).........

Southern coasts of Australia.

1803-6

Krusenstern (Rus)

Surveys in Sea of Japan and Sea of Okhotsk, Saghalien, etc.

1805-9

Salt (Eng.).............

Visit to Abyssinia

1807-8

Klaproth (Ger.).........

Exploration of the Caucasus.

1819

Sir E. Parry (Eng.).....

Parry Archipelago.

4 4

1825

Sir J. Franklin........

Richardson and Back (Eng.)..............

Coppermine and Mackenzie Rivers explored.

1819

Long (U.S.)............

Exploration of Rocky Mountains.

Date.

Explorer and Nationality.

Discovery or Exploration.

1819

Win. Smith (Eng.).......

South Orkney Islands and South Shetlands. Visited by Weddell in 1822.

1823

Wrangel (Rus.).......

Discovers Wrangel Land.

1823

Denham and Clapperton } (Eng.).............

Lake Chad.

1825-26

A.G. Laing (Scot)

Reached Timbuktu from Tripoli.

1827-8

Rene Caillie (French). . .

Journey from Kakandy to Timbuktu and Morocco.

1829

Sturt (Eng.)............

Descends the Murrumbidgee and discovers the Murray River.

1830-32

Biscoe (Eng.)

Enderby Land and Graham Land.

1830

.......................

Royal Geographical Society founded in London.

1831

Sir J. C. Ross (Eng.).....

Magnetic North Pole.

1832

Laird and Oldfield (Scot.).

Exploration of the Niger and Benue.

1833-35

Sir G. Back (Eng.) .....

Great Fish River.

1835

Sir F. Schomburgk (Ger.).

Explorations in Guiana.

Date.

Explorer and Nationality.

Discovery or Exploration.

1837

Wood (Eng.)............

Sources of the Oxus.

1837-40

D'Urville (French).......

Adelie Land. Reached 66° 30' S. lat.

1839

J. Balleny (Eng.)........

Balleny Islands, 66° 44' S. lat.

1839

Eyre (Eng.)............

Discovers Lake Torrens, S. Australia, and in 1841 journeys from Adelaide to King George's Sound.

1840

Trummer

Remains of ancient Nineveh.

1841

Sir James C. Ross (Eng.)..

Victoria Land, with volcanoes Erebus and Terror.

1841-73

D. Livingstone (Scot.). . .

Thirty years' travel in Central South Africa.

1844-45

Leichhardt (Ger.)........

Crosses Australia, Moreton Bay to Port Essington.

1845

Sir John Franklin (Eng.).

Sails on his last voyage never to return.

1848

Rebmann and Krapf (Ger.)

Mt. Kilima Njaro. Sighted Mt. Kenia.

1849-55

Richardson and Barth (Eng.-Ger)..........

Western Sudan and Sahara.

1850

Sir R. M'Clure (Irish)____

Northwest Passage.

1852-4,1861

Sir C. R. Markham (Eng.).

Explorations in Peru.

1856-59

Du Chaillu (French).....

Basin of Ogowe River, W. Africa

1858

Sir R. Burton (Scot.). . . .

Lake Tanganyika

"

Speke and Grant (Brit.). .

Victoria Nyanza.

1860

Sir S. Baker (Eng.)......

Explores Upper Nile. Discovers Albert Nyanza, 1864.

1862

M'Douall Stuart (Scot.). .

Crossed Australia.

1862-63

W. G. Palgrave(Eng.). . .

Journeys in Central and Eastern Arabia.

1864-66

G. Rohlfs (Ger.).........

Journey in W. Sudan by Ghadames, Murzuk, and Wadai to R. Niger.

1867-72

Richthofen (Ger.).......

Extensive travel and exploration in China.

1868-71

G. Schweinfurth (Ger.). . .

Exploration of the Jur. Niam-Niam, and Monbuttu countries.

1869

G. Nachtigal (Ger.)......

Explorations in Lake Chad region and Central Sudan States.

1870-1886

Prejevalsky (Rus.)......

Journeys in Mongolia, Tibet, etc.

1871-75

Leigh Smith (Eng.).....

Exploration of N. part of Spitzbergen. Vaigats Is.

1872

Payer and Weyprecht (Austrian)..........

Franz Josef Land.

1872-76

"Challenger" Expedi-tion(Brit.)..........

Explores the depths of the oceans.

1872-76

Ernest Giles

Traverses Northwest Australia.

1873

Warburton (Irish).......

Crosses Western Australia from East to West.

1874-75

Lieut. Cameron (Eng.).. . .

Crosses Equatorial Africa.

1876

De Breeze (French)......

Explorations in the Ogowe and Gabun region.

1876-90

H. M. Stanley (Eng.).....

Congo Basin; Mt. Ruwenzori; Forests on the Aru-wimi, etc.

1876

Sir Geo. Nares and A. H. Markham (Eng.)

Grant Land. Penetrated as far N. as 83° 20' lat.

1878-79

Nordenskjold (Swed.). . . .

Northeast passage.

1878-89

Thomson (Scot.)........

Journeys through Masai Land, British South Africa, Sokoto, Morocco, etc.

1878-85

Major Serpa Pinto (Port.).

Twice crosses Africa.

1878-92

Emin Pasha (Ger.)

Travels and Surveys in Equatorial Africa. Discovery of Semliki River, etc.

1879

Moustier and Zweifel (Swiss).............

Sources of the Niger.

1881-85

Greely (U. S.)...........

Grinnell Land and NE. coast of Greenland.

1885

Wiesmann (Ger.)........

Across Africa from West coast, Congo Basin.

"

Junker (Rus.-Ger.)

Welle-Mobangi, etc.

1886

Peary (U. S.)...........

North Greenland.

1887

Capt. Younghusband (Eng.).............

Travels from Pekin to Kashmir.

1893-96

Nansen (Norw.).........

Hviotenland, etc.; reached his "Farthest North" in lat. 86° 13' 6" N.

1897

Jackson (Scot.)..........

Surveys and explorations in Franz Josef Land.

1893-97

Sven Hedin (Swed.)

Explorations in North Central Asia.

1895-96

Pr. Henri d'Orleans

Travels in Tonkin and China.

1896

Donaldson Smith (Scot.)..

Explores region of Lake Rudolf.

1896-98

Capt. Marchand

Travels from Upper Mobangi to Fashoda.

1897

Andree (Swed.)

Attempt to cross over the North Pole in a balloon, with fatal results.

1897

D. Carnegie

Crosses Western Australia from S. to N.

1898-99

De Gerlache (Belgian).. . .

"Belgica," first ship to winter within Antarctic circle.

1899

Major Gibbons..........

Explorations in Congo and Zambezi headwaters.

1900

Borchgrevink (Brit. Ex.).

Reached lat. 78° 50' S. via Victoria Land.

"

Duke of Abruzzi (Ital.).. .

Reached lat. 86° 33' N. via Franz Josef Land.

1900-02

Sven Hedin (Swed.)......

Important Journey in Central Asia.