Kitchen Measures

Description

This section is from the book "A Manual Of Home-Making", by Martha Van Rensselaer. Also available from Amazon: A Manual of Home-Making.

Kitchen Measures

In the kitchen more accurate weights and measures are gradually coming into common use, as the units used are becoming better defined. Domestic science departments of schools and colleges are largely responsible for this advance.

The basis of the kitchen system of weights and measures is the standard cup, a measure holding 8 fluid ounces-that is, one-half liquid pint-and used to measure either dry or liquid commodities. One of these cups, subdivided into thirds, fourths, or both, should be procured, since the ordinary china cups vary greatly in size. A special set of spoon measures (from one-fourth teaspoonful up) will be found convenient, since ordinary spoons also vary in size. Moreover, neither the ordinary cup or spoon is adapted to measuring of fractions of their capacity.

The measures of capacity used in the kitchen are based on the standard cup, as follows:

3 teaspoonfuls = 1 tablespoonful = 4 drams

4 tablespoonfuls = 1/4 cupful = 2 fluid ounces 1/2 cupful = 1 gill = 4 fluid ounces

2 gills = 1 cupful = 8 fluid ounces

1 cupful = 8 fluid ounces = 1/2 pint

2 cupfuls =16 fluid ounces = 1 pint 16 fluid ounces = 1 pint

4 cupfuls = 1 quart

In the above all measures are level full. The equivalents given will permit the use of the large glass graduate for measuring liquids in cooking.

In Tables V to VIII are given equivalents of units commonly used in cooking and for other household purposes.

Table V. - Equivalents of the Common Capacity Units Used in the Kitchen


Units	Fluid drams	Tea-spoonfuls	Table-spoonfuls	Fluid ounces	1/4 cupfuls	Gills cup-	Cup-fuls	Liquid pints	Liquid quarts	Cubic centimeters	Liters	Units
						fuls)
	1	%	1/4	1/8	1/16	1/32	1/64	1/128	1/256	3.7	0.004	Equals 1 fluid dram
1 teaspoonful equals....	11/3	1	1/3	1/6	1/12	1/24	1/48	1/96	1/192	4.8	0.005	Equals 1 teaspoonful
1 tablespoonful equals...	4	3	1	1/2	1/4	1/8	1/16	1/32	1/64	15	0.015	Equals 1 tablespoonful
1 fluid ounce equals ...........	8	6	2	1	1/2	1/4	1/8	1/16	1/32	30	0.030	Equals 1 fluid ounce
1/4 cupful equals.......	16	12	4	2	l	1/2	1/4	1/8	1/16	59	0.059	Equals 1/4 cupful
1 gill (1/2 cupful) equals.	32	24	8	4	2	l	1/2	1/4	1/8	118	0.118	Equals 1 gill (1/2 cupful)
1 cupful equals ............	64	48	16	8	4	2	1	1/2	1/4	237	0.237	Equals 1 cupful
1 liquid pint equals ..........	128	96	32	16	8	4	2	1	1/2	473	0.473	Equals 1 liquid pint
1 liquid quart equals . ..	256	192	64	32	16	8	4	2	l	946	0.946	Equals 1 liquid quart
1 cubic centimeter equals	0.27	0.20	0.068	0.034	0.017	0.0084	0.0042	0.0021	0.0011	1	1/1000	Equals 1 cubic centimeter
1 liter equals..........	270	203	67.6	33.8	16.9	8.45	4.23	2.11	1.06	1000	1	Equals 1 liter

Table VI. - Equivalent Weights and Measures of Certain Foods


Food	Measure of 1 pound	Measure of 1 ounce
Beverages: Chocolate.........	5 1/3 cups, grated	1 square or 1/3 cup,
		grated
Cocoa............	4 cups	1/4 cup
Coffee............	5 1/3 cups	5 1/3 tablespoons
Tea..............	61/2 cups	6 1/2 tablespoons
	2 cups	2 tablespoons
Bread stuffs: Bread, white......	16 slices, 1/2 inch thick	1 slice, 1/2 inch thick
Bread crumbs.....	4 cups	1/4 cup
Crackers, graham . .	57 crackers	3 1/2 crackers
Crackers, oyster . . .	9 2/3 cups	2/3 cup
Crackers, soda.....	49 crackers	3+ crackers
Saltines...........	124 crackers	7 crackers
Cereals: Barley, pearl......	2 1/8 cups	2 tablespoons
Corn-meal, granulated ...........	23/4 cups	23/4 tablespoons
Corn-starch.......	3 cups	3 tablespoons
Flour, graham.....	4 cups	1/4 cup
Flour, entire wheat.	4 1/2 cups	1/3 cup
Flour, white.......	4 cups	1/4 cup
Hominy, or samp . .	2 1/2 cups	2 1/2 tablespoons
Hominy grits......	2 1/2+ cups	2 1/2+ tablespoons
Macaroni.........	4 1/2 cups	1/4+ cup
Oatmeal..........	3+ cups	3+ tablespoons
Oats, rolled........	5 1/2 cups	5 1/2 tablespoons
Rice	2 cups	2 tablespoons
Whole wheat......	2 1/3 cups	2 1/3 tablespoons
Dairy products: Cheese (American)
A. P............	4 cups grated	1/4 cup grated
Cream, 40%.......	2 cups	2 tablespoons
Milk.............	2 cups	2 tablespoons
Eggs (whole) A. P.*.. .	9	1/2 egg
Fats: Butter............	2 cups	2 tablespoons
Lard.............	2 cups and 2 table-
	spoons	2+ tablespoons

* A. P. means as purchased; E. P. means edible portion.

Food	Measure of 1 pound	Measure of 1 ounce
Crisco............	2 cups and 2 table-
	spoons	2 tablespoons
Oil, olive..........	2 cups	2 tablespoons 2 tablespoons
Oil, Wesson.......	2 cups	2 tablespoons 2 tablespoons
Suet, beef.........	4 cups, ground	1/4 cup
Fruits, dried:
Apples, A.P .........	7 cups	2/5 cup
Apricots..........	59 halves	4 halves
Currants, A. P.....	3 1/2 cups	1/4 cup
Dates, A. P.......	68	4 1/4
Figs..............	24	1 1/2
Prunes...........	40 to 60 3 cups	3 to 4
Raisins...........		3 tablespoons or 18 raisins
		3 tablespoons or 18 raisins
Fruits, fresh:
Apples, A. P.......	3 apples, or 4 cups	1/4 apple, or 1/3 cup
	diced	diced
Bananas, A. P......	3 medium bananas	1/6 (scant) banana
Cranberries........	4 1/2 cups	1/3 cup
Grapes, malaga. . . .	120 grapes	7 1/2 grapes
Grapefruit........	1
Lemon juice.......	1 1/3 to 2 cups	2 tablespoons
Oranges.........	2 to 3
Gelatin..........	3 1/2 cups	3 1/2 tablespoons
Meat:	3 1/2 cups
Bacon, A. P.......	30 slices	2 slices
Bacon, E. P.......	40 slices	21/2 slices
Nuts:
Almonds, A. P.....	6 cups or 254 nuts	2/5 cup or 16 nuts
Almonds, E. P.....	3+ cups or 385 nuts	1/5 cup or 24 nuts
Peanuts, A. P......	6 cups or 220 nuts	1/2 cup or 15 nuts
Peanuts, E. P......	2 1/8 cups	1/8 cup or 40 nuts
Peanuts, butter. . . .	1 1/2 cups	1 1/2 tablespoons
Walnuts, A. P.....	51/2 cups or 56 nuts	3 1/2 nuts
Walnuts, E. P......	4+ cups or 240 average
	meats	15 halves or 1/4 cup
Sugars:
Molasses..........	1 3/5 cups	1 1/2 tablespoons
Sugar, granulated...	2 cups	2 tablespoons
Sugar, powdered. . .	3 cups	3 tablespoons
Sugar, brown......	3 cups	3 tablespoons

Food	Measure of 1 pound	Measure of 1 ounce
Tapioca, pearl.......	2 1/2 cups	1/8+ cup
Minute...........	2 1/2 cups	2 1/2 tablespoons
Vegetables, dried: Beans, navy, A. P. .	2+ cups	2 tablespoons, or 1/8 cu]
Beans, lima......	2 1/3 cups	2+ tablespoons or 1/8 + cup
Lentils, A. P.......	2 1/5 cups	2+ tablespoons
Vegetables, fresh: Beets, A. P........	2 medium beets	1/8 beet
Cabbage, A. P.....	1/3 to 1/2 medium head or 5 1/2 cups shredded	3/4 cup shredded
Carrots, A. P......	5 1/2 carrots	1/3 carrot
Celery, A. P.......	4 bunches	1 stalk
Onions, A. P.......	6 to 8 medium	1/2 medium
Parsnips, A. P.....	6 medium	1/3 parsnip
Potatoes, A. P. . . ..	2 1/2 medium	2 1/2 tablespoons, dried
Potatoes, sweet, A. P............	3 medium	1/5 potato
Water..............	2 cups	2 tablespoons

Table VII. - Approximate Measure Of 1 Ounce Of Certain Spices, Leavening Agents, And Flavoring Substances (Mary F. Henry)

Substance	Measure of 1 ounce
Allspice (whole) ..............	1/4 cup
Allspice (ground) ...............	1/4 cup
Baking powde .....................	3 tablespoons
Celery seed ......................	3 3/4 tablespoons
Cinnamon .........................	3 3/4 tablespoons
Cloves (whole) .................	4+ tablespoons
Cloves (ground) ....................	33/4 tablespoons
Cream of tartar ....................	3 tablespoons
Mustard seed ....................	2 1/2 tablespoons
Mustard ............................	4 5/8 tablespoons
Pepper (whole) ....................	4 tablespoons
Pepper (ground) ......................	4 1/3 tablespoons
Salt......................................	1 3/4 tablespoons
Soda ....................................	2 1/2 tablespoons
Vanilla ...................................	2 tablespoons

Table VIII. - Selected List Of Legal Weights (In Pounds) Of The Bushel Of Various Commodities

Table VIII Selected List Of Legal Weights In Pound 110

United states			3 48				3 42			3 56		3 48				3 56
Alabama		24	47	60							56	• • ■ •	32
Arizona			45	55						54
Arkansas	4 50	24	48	60		14	52		60		56	48	33 1/3			56
Calofornia			50				40												52
Colorado			48	60		14	52		60			50					44		56
Connecticut	48	25	48	60	5 60		48	Ac	60			50	6 44			55			56
Delaware												'44							56
DistrictColumbia
Florida	4 48	24	48	8 60							56	48	9 32
Georgia		24	47	10 6O		14	52		60		56	48	30			56	44
Hawali			48																56
Idaho	4 48	24	48	60	56	11 14	5f	50	60		56					56	44	50	15 70
Illinois........................	4 50	24	48	10 60	60	14	52	50	60		56	12 48	32	33	48	56	44	50	56
Indiana		25	48	60		14	50		60	• ■ • •	56	50	. • • .	33			44
Iowa	48	24	48	13 60	56	14	48	50	60	14 50	56	48			48	56	44	50
Kansas	4 48	24	48	60	56	11 14	50	50	60		56					56	44	50	15 70
Kentucky		24	47	10 60	• • • •	14	56		60	• • • •	56	50				56	44	50	....
Louisiana			48							56
Maine	44		48	60	60		48	50		56		50
Maryland	450	28	48	60		14	48	50	60		56	48				56	44	50
Massachusetts	48	25	48	60	60		48	50	60		17 50	50	6 44	32	• • • .	55			56
Michigan	it	22	48	60		14	48		60		56	50		40	• • • ■	56	44	50	• • • •
Minnesota....................	4 50	28	48	60	50	14	50	45	60		56			36			50	48	• • • •
Mississippi		26	48	io 60		14	48		60	.	56	44	6 32			56	44	50	• • • •
Missouri	48	24	48	60	• • • •	14	52	50	60	• • • ■	56	50	33	....	48	56	44	48	• • • •

Montana	45		48	60	50	14	52	50	60		56	50				56	44	50
Nebraska.....................	4 48	24	48	10 60	56	11 14	50	50	60		56	50				56	44	50	15 70
Nevada.......................	4 48	24	48	60	56	11 14	50	50	60	.	56	48				56	48	50	15 70
New Hampshire	48	25	48	16 60	60	• • •	48	50	60	17 50	....	50	....	32	....	56			56
New Jersey...................	50	25	48	60	60		50	50	64							55			56
New Mexico	45	24	48	60	56	14	52	50	60		56	50	32	•	48	56	44	50	56
New York....................	48	25	48	60			48	50	60			50	6 44			55			56
North Carolina	4 48		48	18 60	• •	14	50	. ••	60			48	19 30			55	44	....	56
North Dakota	50		48	60	60		42	....	60		56					56
Ohio.........................	48	24	48	60	56		50	50	60		56	48				56	44	50	15 68
Oklahoma. .'...................	48	24	48	60	60	14	52	50	60		56	50	32	.	48	56	44
Oregon	45	28	46				42	• • • .	60										56
Pennsylvania	50	25	47	13 60	60	14	48	50	60	58	56	50		40	50	56	44	50	56
Rhode Island..................	48	25	48	60	50		48	50	60		56	50	6 44			56	44	50
South Carolina												20 48	21 30
South Dakota	48	24	48	60	56	14	52	50	60	•	56	50			48	56	44	50	• • • •
Tennessee.....................	4 50	24	48	13 60	50	14	50	50	22 60		56	7 50	28		48	56	44	48	....
Texas	45	28	48	10 60			42		60		56		32			56	44	48
Utah
Vermont	48		48	60	60		48	50	60		56	50		32	48	55		50	56
Virginia		28	48	10 6O	. • . .	14	52		60	• •	56	50	32			56	44	48	....
Washington...................	4 45	28	48				42		60							56			56
West Virginia		25	48	60			52		60	56			6 44			56	44
Wisconsin.....................	60	25	48	60	50		50	50	60			50			23 50	56		48	56
Wyoming

1 See also "Indian corn."

2 Not defined.

3 For customs purposes only.

4 Green apples.

6 Sugar beets and mangel-wurzel.

6 Sea-island cotton seed; upland cotton seed, 30 pounds.

7 Bolted; unbolted, 48 pounds. 8 Shelled.

9 Sea-island cotton seed, 46 pounds. 10 White beans. 11 Native blue-grass seed; English blue-grass seed, 22 pounds.

12 Unbolted, 48 pounds.

13 Dried beans.

14 Sweet corn.

15 Indian corn in ear.

16 Small white beans.

17 Cracked corn.

18 Soy beans.

19 Sea-island cotton seed, 44 pounds.

20 Bolted or unbolted.

21 Seed of long staple cotton, 42 pounds.

22 Red and white. 23 Green.

Table VIII Selected List Of Legal Weights In Pound 111

United States		2 32									2 60	2 60			2 56				2 60
Albama		32									60	60	55		56			55	60
Arizona		32													56				60
Arkansa	50	32	57		14						60	60	50	14	56	60		57	60
California		32													54				60
Connecticut		32	57									60			56	45			60
Delaware		32	52			45					60	60	54	• • • •	56			3 50	60
District of Columbia												60							60
Florida	50	32	56				4 54	22	60			60	60		56			54	60
Georgia		32	57					*25			60	60	55		56	45		55	60
Hawaii.......................		32													56				60
Idaho	50	32	57			50	48				5 60	60	50		56	45	56	55	60
Illinois	50	32	57	«30	14	50	48	» 20	58	3?	8 60	60	50	14	56	45	56	55	60
Indiana	50	32	48		14	55						60	55		56	45		55	60
Iowa	50	32	52	6 28	14	45	48	22	45	50	8 60	60	50	14	56	45	50	55	60
Kansa	50	32	57			52	48				5 60	60	50		56	45	56	55	60
Kentucky. ....................	50	32	57	9 36	14			*24			60	10 60	55		56	45		60	60
Louisiana															56				60
Maine		32	52			45					60	60			50			3 50	60
Maryland	11 50	32	54		14		12 40	22			13 60	60	60	14	56	45	60	60	60
Massachusetts		32	52			45	48	7 20	58	28	14 60	60	54		56	45	56	55	60
Michigan	50	32	54		14						60	60	56	14	56	45		58	60
Minnesota....................	48	32	52		14	42					60	60	55	14	56	45			60
Mississippi	50	32	57					24			60	10 60	54		56	45	....	55	60
Missouri	50	32	57	15 28	14	44	48		48	56	16 60	60	56	14	56	45	45	3 42	60

Montana		32	57			50			45		60	60			56	45		50	60
Nebraska	50	32	57	25		50	48				« 60	60	50		56	45	56	55	60
Nevada	50	32	57			50	48				5 60	60	50	• .	56	45	56	56	60
New Hamshire		32	52			45	48	7 20	58	....	60	1060	54	....	56	45	56	55	60
New Jersey...................		30	57				50				60	60	54		56	45			60
New Mexico...................	50	32	57	6 30	14	42	48	22	48		60	60	50		56	45	50	56	60
New York		32	57								60	60	54	■	56	• 45			60
North Carolina................	50	32	57	....	14			22			60	1056	56	14	56	45	• • • *	50	60
North Dakota	50	32	52								60	60	46	. . . .	56	45	....	60	60
Ohio.........................	50	32	56	28		50	48				60	1060	50		56	45	56	60	60
Oklahoma.....................	50	32	57	15 28	ii	44	48	22	48	56	60	60	55	14	56	45	45	"60	60
Oregon		32							45			60			56				60
pennsylvania	50	32	50	28	14	50	48	22	50	56	60	60	54	14	56	45	60	60	60
Rhode Island	50	32	50			50	48				18 60	60	54		56	45	56	50	60
South Carolina
South Dakota	50	32	57	8 32	14	42	48	20		50	60	60	46	14	56	45	50	55	60
Tennessee	19 50	32	20 56	2128	14	50	"50	23	23 56	30	60	60	50	14	56	45	56	50	60
Texas	50	32	57				50					60	55		56	45	55	55	60
Utah
Vermont	50	32	52			45	48	720	58	48	60	60	54	14	56	45	56	60	60
Virginia	50	30	57	28	14			22			24 60	56	56	12	56	45	....	55	60
Washington		32							18 45			60			56				60
West Virginia		32										60			56	45			60
Wisconsin	50	32	57			44					60	60	54		56	45		42	60
Wyoming																			•

1 Not defined.

2 For customs purposes only. 3 Common English turnips.

4 Green peaches. 5Shelled, dry.

6 Top sets; bottom sets, 32 pounds.

7 Roasted; green, 22 pounds.

8 Dried.

• Bottom onion sets.

10 Irish potatoes.

11 German and American.

12 Peaches (peeled); unpeeled, 32 pounds. 13 Cowneas: dried neas. 60 nonnds.

14 Smooth; wrinkled, 56 pounds.

15 Top onion sets.

16 Including split peas.

17 Common English turnips, 42 pounds.

18 Green.

19 German, Missouri, and Tennessee millet seeds.

20 Matured onions.

21 Bottom onion sets, 32 pounds.

22 Matured.

23 Matured pears, 56 pounds; dried pears, 26 pounds. 24 Black-eyed peas.

* U. S. Bur. Standards, Circ. 55.

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Kitchen Measures

Description

Kitchen Measures

Table V. - Equivalents of the Common Capacity Units Used in the Kitchen

Table VI. - Equivalent Weights and Measures of Certain Foods

Table VII. - Approximate Measure Of 1 Ounce Of Certain Spices, Leavening Agents, And Flavoring Substances (Mary F. Henry)

Table VIII. - Selected List Of Legal Weights (In Pounds) Of The Bushel Of Various Commodities

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