This section is from the "American Horticultural Manual Vol2" book, by J. L. Budd. Also available from Amazon American Horticultural Manual, Part Two.
The new Minnesota variety under this name is described as Minnesota Gilbert; the apple of Tennessee origin has priority in the name.
Origin, Tennessee; resembles its "twin-brother" Paragon closely, and by some regarded superior to that variety in size, color, and productiveness; both are considered seedlings of Winesap. The Gilbert of Minnesota is very different (see Minnesota Gilbert).
Fruit large, roundish oblate, unequal; skin thick, tough; surface smooth, yellow, washed with dark red over most of the base and indistinctly striped; dots variable, light russet and brown; cavity large, regular, deep, gradual, slightly lipped and lined with gilded russet; stem short, moderately stout; basin large, regular, deep, abrupt, slightly furrowed; calyx large, open; segments short, wide, converging. Core large, conical, clasping, nearly closed; seeds few, large, angular, brown; flesh greenish yellow, moderately coarse, crisp, juicy, subacid, very good. Late winter. (U. S. Agr. Report, 1895.)

An old variety from Virginia, valuable for cider, and good for the table in late spring; tree very productive and vigorous, with a spreading, open, round top.
Fruit rather small to medium, roundish oblong, regular, somewhat cylindrical; surface very smooth, often polished, greenish yellow, almost or wholly covered with deep rich red, obscurely striped and splashed; dots minute, indented; cavity deep, acute, regular, rus-seted; stem very short; basin wide, rather deep, regular or slightly furrowed; calyx small, closed. Core round, closed; cells round, slit; tube funnel-shaped; stamens median; seeds few, large, pointed, plump; flesh yellow, firm, juicy, crisp, agreeable rich subacid nearly sweet, becomes tender and sprightly late in spring, good. February to May.
Origin, Russia; one of the hardiest, most vigorous and productive of the Russian apples at Ottawa, Canada, where the fruit keeps till February. A fall apple at Des Moines, Iowa.
Fruit above medium to large, irregular, oblate, angular; surface very highly colored, a clear light waxen yellow, almost wholly covered with bright solid dark crimson on sunny side, on shady side the crimson is thinly marbled and mottled like a water-color painting; dots distinct, few, minute, white; cavity regular, acute, with stellate russet; stem short; basin wide, rather shallow, angular, occasionally abrupt; calyx closed; segments connivent. Core open; cells elliptical, slit, roomy; tube conical; stamens marginal; seeds large; flesh snow-white, slightly stained next to the skin, very tender, breaking, juicy, sprightly acid, good. August.
A Russian variety much resembling Oldenburg and by some thought identical. The Russian Apple Nomenclature Commission placed it in the group of which Oldenburg is the best representative.
 
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