The types of plants in these two groups are sometimes used in large masses as specimens or as accent plants. The best effect as specimens is obtained when they are used singly and as accent plants when they are used either singly or in groups varying from one to three specimens. These plants are valuable because of flowers, foliage, habit of growth, texture of growth, colour of twigs, or fruiting effect.

A. Trees.

a. Accent and specimen trees:

Abies (in variety)

Fir Acer palmatum (in variety)

Japanese Maple

Acer platanoides schwedleri Schwedler's Purple Maple

Aesculus (in variety) Horse-chestnut

Betula (in variety)

Birch Catalpa bungei

Round-leaved Catalpa Cercidiphyllum japonicum

Kadsura Tree Cercis canadensis

Red-bud

Chamaecyparis (in variety) Cypress

Cladrastris lutea

Yellow-wood Cornus florida

Flowering Dogwood Cornus kousa

Japanese Dogwood

Crataegus (in variety) Thorn

Fagus (in variety) Beech

Fagus sylvatica heterophylla Fern-leaved European Beech

Juniperus virginiana Red Cedar

Koelreuteria paniculata Varnish Tree

Larix (in variety) Larch

Liquidambar styraciflua Sweet Gum

Magnolia (in variety)

Magnolia Morus alba tatarica pendula

Tea's Weeping Mulberry

Nyssa sylvatica Tupelo

Oxydendrum arboreum Sourwood

Picea (in variety) Spruce

Pinus (in variety)

Populus alba pyramidalis

Bolle's Poplar Populus nigra italica

Lombardy Poplar

Prunus fruticosa pendula Weeping Cherry

Prunus padus commutata

Hybrid European Bird Cherry

Prunus persica Flowering Peach

Prunus pissardi

Purple-leaved Plum

Pyrus (in variety)

Crab Quercus (in variety)

Oak Salix blanda

Wisconsin Weeping Willow Salix vitellina britzensis

Hybrid Yellow Willow

Sciadopitys verticillata Umbrella Pine

Sorbus quercifolia

Oak-leaved Mountain Ash Taxodium distichum

Bald Cypress Tilia tomentosa

Silver Linden Thuja (in variety)

Arborvitae

Tsuga canadensis (in variety) Canadian Hemlock

Ulmus foliacea whealley i Wheatley's Cornish Elm

Ulmus glabra camperdowni Camperdown Weeping Elm b. Columnar and pyramidal trees:

Oftentimes situations arise in the solution of landscape problems where the use of trees for their pyramidal or columnar habit of growth becomes almost a necessity. This necessity may arise because of such features being an important part of the landscape composition, or it may arise because of the screen effect which the designer is desirous of producing where trees must develop within a narrow space of from two to four feet. Most of the trees in this group develop normally into a pyramidal or columnar form like the pyramidal maples, the poplars, and the red cedar, quite unlike the spreading habit of the sugar maples, horse-chestnut, and beech. None of these trees lend themselves to use in plantations where a broad, informal character is desired in the picture; but all lend themselves for use in landscape planting where it is necessary to have a background of heavy foliage and an immediate garden planting close to these trees. The planter should always bear in mind that a background of trees of this type, planted closely together, will be very injurious to a flower garden development, provided the screen planting is located on the southerly side of the flower garden, thus throwing dense shade over the garden during the greater part of the day. From another point of view, however, this type of tree planted closely together will prove a wonderful asset if planted on the southerly side of some fountain or garden terminus where it is desired to produce a heavy shade.

Abies brachyphylla Nikko Fir

Abies concolor White Fir

Acer Saccharinum pyramidale Pyramidal Silver Maple

Acer saccharum monumentale Pyramidal Sugar Maple

Betula alba fastigiata Pyramidal White Birch

Carpinus betulus fastigiata Pyramidal Hornbeam

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Lawson's Cypress

Juniperus communis suecica Swedish Juniper

Juniperus virginiana pyramidalis Pyramidal Red Cedar

Juniperus virginiana schotti Schott's Red Cedar

Liriodendron tulipifera pyramidalis

Pyramidal Tulip Tree Picea excelsa columnaris

Columnar Norway Spruce Picea excelsa pyramidalis

Pyramidal Norway Spruce

Populus alba pyramidalis Bolle's Poplar

Populus nigra italica

Lombardy Poplar Quercus robur pyramidalis

Pyramidal English Oak

Robinia pseudacacia pyramidalis Pyramidal Black Locust

Sorbus hybrida fastigiata Pyramidal Mountain Ash

Taxodium distichum pyramidatum Pyramidal Bald Cypress

Thuja occidentalis fastigiata

Fastigiate Arborvitae Thuja occidentalis plicata

Pyramidal Arborvitae Thuja orientalis pyramidalis

Columnar Oriental Arborvitae Tsuga heterophylla

Western Hemlock Ulmus foliacea dampieri

Fastigiate Elm

Ulmus foliacea wheatleyi Wheatley's Cornish Elm

B. Shrubs.

Aesculus parviflora Dwarf Horse-chestnut

Azalea (in variety) Azalea

Caragana arborescens Siberian Pea Shrub

Chaenomeles japonica Japanese Quince

Chionanthus retusa

Chinese Fringe Tree Chionanthus virginica

White Fringe Cornus stolonifera flavirammea

Golden-twigged Osier

Corylus maxima purpurea Purple-leaved Hazel

Diervilla hybrida lutea-marginata Variegated Weigela

Deutzia scabra

Single White Deutzia Evonymus alatus

Cork-barked Burning Bush Evonymus americanus

Strawberry Bush

Evonymus europaeus European Spindle Tree

Exochorda grandiflora Pearl Bush

Halesia Carolina Silver Bell

Hibiscus syriacus

Rose of Sharon Hydrangea (in variety)

Hydrangea

Prunus japonica Flowering Almond

Prunus triloba Flowering Plum

Rhus cotinus Smoke Bush

Robinia hispida (grafted high) Rose Acacia

Sambucus canadensis aurea Golden Elder

Stewartia pentagyna

Alleghany Stewartia Tamarix odessana

Caspian Tamarisk