The Deep Fascia of the shoulder and upper limb is attached to the clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula. It encases all the muscles, and is continuous with the deep fascia of the back and the axilla; it is then continued down the arm, covering all the muscles, and at the elbow sends in processes called intermuscular septa, which separate the muscles of the front of the arm from those of the back, also affording additional surface for the origins of muscles. In front of the elbow it is attached to the condyles of the humerus and olecranon process of the ulna, and covers in the antecubital fossa, and receives a crescent-shaped expansion from the tendon of the biceps called the bicipital fascia; it is continued down the forearm, closely investing the muscles and sending septa between them. At the wrist, on both dorsal and ventral surfaces, there are bands of strong transverse fibres to hold down the tendons, called respectively, posterior and anterior annular ligaments of the wrist-joint. The deep fascia then invests the muscles of the hand forming anteriorly a particularly strong triangular piece-the palmar fascia-which sends four processes to be inserted into the digital sheaths.

Costo-Coracoid Membrane, a process of the deep fascia covering pectoralis minor, which, after splitting to enclose subclavius, becomes attached to the first costal cartilage and the coracoid process. The membrane itself is thin and pierced by superficial vessels, but the piece between the costal cartilage and coracoid process is much stronger, and is called the costo-coracoid ligament.

Axillary Fascia, a particularly strong fascia forming the floor of the axillary space, from the edge of the pectoralis major in front to the latissimus dorsi and teres major behind; it is continuous with the deep fascia of the arm.

Bicipital Fascia, a strong band of fascia from the tendon of the biceps, which joins the deep fascia covering the front of the elbow. It separates the brachial artery from the median basilic vein.

Anterior annular ligament, a band of transverse fibres in the deep fascia attached on the ulnar side to the pisiform bone and the hook of the unciform, and on the radial side to the scaphoid and trapezium. It bridges across the concavity of the carpus and holds the flexor tendons in place. All the tendons pass under it, except palmaris longus and flexor carpi radialis, the latter piercing the ligament to reach its insertion. The ulnar artery and nerve cross over the ligament.

Posterior annular ligament, a transverse band of fibres in the deep fascia, attached to the external border of the lower end of the radius, and the internal border of the lower end of the ulna. This is a much weaker and less important band than the anterior one. All the tendons pass underneath it, the ulnar and radial nerves passing over it.

The fascia is divided underneath into six compartments for the passage of the tendons, which lie in grooves in the bone.

Digital Sheaths, strong fibrous sheaths which hold down the flexor tendon of the fingers. They are attached along the edges of the palmar surfaces of the phalanges and interphalangeal joints, and continuous with the palmar fascia.

The Axilla is the hollow space in the armpit through which the axillary vessels and the cords of the brachial plexus pass to reach the arm. It is cone-shaped, with the apex upwards.

The apex is bounded by the superior border of the scapula, the first rib, and the clavicle, and is covered in by the costo-coracoid membrane.

The floor is formed of the deep fascia.

The posterior wall is formed by subscapularis, teres minor, teres major, and latissimus dorsi, the lower free edge of which is called the posterior fold.

The anterior wall is formed by pectoralis major, the lower free edge of which is called the anterior fold.

The inner wall is formed by the upper digitations of the serratus magnus. The outer wall is formed by the long head of triceps and the humerus.

The contents are the axillary vessels, the cords of the brachial plexus with their branches, some lymphatic glands and fat.

The Antecubital Fossa is the triangular space in front of the elbow-joint, covered in by deep fascia and the bicipital fascia. Its boundaries are, above, a line drawn between the condyles of the humerus, on the inner side pronator radii teres, and on the outer side brachio-radialis.

In the fossa the brachial artery breaks up into its branches.