Handbook Of Anatomy For Students Of Massage | by Margaret E. Bjorkegren
This book has been compiled with the object of meeting a want, to which my attention was repeatedly called by my students when preparing them for the examinations of the Incorporated Society of Trained Masseuses. No book dealing with Anatomy, especially arranged for students of massage, has yet been written, and I have endeavoured to make good this deficiency to the best of my ability. It is hoped that this small volume will be found to embody all the ground covered by the syllabus of this Society for its examinations in Massage and Swedish Remedial Exercises.
| Title | Handbook Of Anatomy For Students Of Massage |
| Author | Margaret E. Bjorkegren |
| Publisher | Bailliere, Tindall & Cox |
| Year | 1917 |
| Copyright | 1917, Bailliere, Tindall & Cox |
| Amazon | Handbook Of Anatomy For Students Of Massage |
Handbook Of Anatomy For Students Of Massage
By Margaret E. Bjorkegren
Teachers' Certificate, Incorporated Society Trained Masseuses Inter. (M.B.) Lond.
Second Edition With 73 Illustrations
Taken From "A Manual Of Anatomy," By A. M. Buchanan, M.A., M.D., Professor Of Anatomy, Anderson's College, Glasgow
Second Edition
Price 5c -Net
London
Bailliere, Tindall & Cox
8, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden
All Rights Reserved
Preface- Preface To The Second Edition In preparing the Second Edition I have made numerous alterations and small additions which I trust will improve the usefulness of the book, the principal alteration be...
- List Of Illustrations
- 1. The Eight Clavicle (Superior View) - - - 6 2. The right Scapula (Posterior View) 7 3. The Eight Humerus (Anterior View) - 9 4. The Eight Radius and Ulna (Anterior View) - - 11 5. Bones ...
- Section I. Introduction
- Anatomy means really the study of the body, its different parts and their functions, comprising histology, physiology, and many other sciences; but the generally accepted definition is, that the scien...
- Introduction. Continued
- The Muscular System The flesh of the body consists of a number of muscles which are attached at each end to bones. They are capable of contraction, the attachment from which they pull being termed ...
- Section II. The Shoulder Girdle And Upper Limb
- The upper limb is articulated to the trunk by means of a ball-and-socket joint between the humerus and scapula. The limb is slung to insure as much mobility as possible, the joint being a very loose o...
- Clavicle
- The Clavicle is a long bone having a prismatic shaft, and at its inner (sternal) end a rounded head; while its outer (acromial) end is flattened into a more or less square shape. The shaft forms a dou...
- Scapula
- The Scapula is a flat, triangular bone having two surfaces, anterior and posterior, and three margins, vertebral, axillary, and superior. Between the upper and second fourth of the vertebral border on...
- Humerus
- The Humerus is a long bone with a shaft and two extremities; it is the bone of the upper arm. It has a rounded head forming about one-third of a sphere, which is bounded by the anatomical neck, a shal...
- Ulna
- The Ulna, the inner bone of the forearm, is a long bone with a shaft and two extremities. The head is formed of two processes, the olecranon posteriorly and the coronoid anteriorly. The olecranon proc...
- Radius
- The Radius, the bone on the outer side of the forearm, is a long bone with a shaft and two extremities; it differs from the ulna in having a small rounded head and a shaft which gradually widens out s...
- Carpus
- The Carpus consists of eight bones arranged in two rows of four. The proximal row beginning from the radial side are scaphoid, semilunar, cuneiform, and pisiform; the distal row, beginning from the ra...
- Metacarpus
- The Metacarpus consists of five bones; they are all long bones, with a shaft and two extremities. The shafts are constricted in the middle and curved so that they are slightly convex backwards; the ca...
- Phalanges
- The Phalanges are fourteen in number, two on the first metacarpal and three each on the other four. The first phalanx is the largest of the three, the terminal ones being much smaller. They are short ...
- Ligaments
- The joint is surrounded by a capsule attached to the edges of the articular surfaces of the bones, which is strengthened to form anterior and posterior ligaments. In addition there is a meniscus, or d...
- Movements Of Shoulder Girdle Taking Place At Sterno-And Acromio-Clavicular Joints
- Action. Muscle. Origin. Insertion. Nerve-supply. Elevation Trapezius (upper fibres) Inner third superior curved line of occipital bone ...
- Shoulder Joint
- Shoulder-Joint, between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula. A ball-and-socket joint, permitting of particularly free movement as the socket is very shallow and much small...
- Elbow-Joint
- The Elbow-Joint, between the trochlear and capitellar surfaces of the humerus, and the sigmoid fossa of the ulna and depression on the head of the radius. A hinge-joint permitting of movement round...
- Radioulnar Joints
- The Radio-Ulnar Joints, between the extremities of the opposing surfaces of the radius and ulna. These joints are both gliding joints, and by their means the radius is enabled to turn round on the uln...
- Triangular Fibro-Cartilage
- The Triangular Fibro-Cartilage separates the two joints; it is attached by its apex to the outer surface of the styloid process of the ulna, and by its base to the edge of the inner surface of the low...
- Wrist Joint. Radio-Carpal Joint
- The Wrist (Radio-Carpal) Joint between the distal end of the radius and the triangular fibro-cartilage, and the proximal row of carpal bones. The joint is a condyloid one, capable of movement throu...
- Intercarpal Joints
- The Intercarpal Joints between the bones of the carpus are all gliding joints, and they have numerous ligaments between the adjacent bones; in addition to this, the carpus is surrounded by a complete ...
- Carpo-Metacarpal Joints
- The Carpo-Metacarpal Joints, between the five metatarsal bones and the distal row of carpal bones; the first metatarsal bone articulates with the trapezium, and the four inner metatarsals articulate w...
- Muscles Acting On The Hand Joints
- Action. Muscle. Origin. Insertion. Nerve-supply. Flexion Flexor carpi radialis From common tendon on inner condyle of humerus and deep fasc...
- Metacarpo-phalangeal Joints
- Metacarpo-phalangeal Joints are between the heads of the metacarpal bones and the bases of the first phalanges. The first one differs from the rest in being a hinge-joint; the others are modified...
- Interphalangal Joints
- These joints are all hinge-joints, allowing movements round one axis only: Transverse - flexion and extension. Their ligaments and synovial membrane are similar to those of the metacarpo-phalang...
- First Metacarpo-Phalangeal And Interphalangeal Joint
- Muscles Acting On The Joints Action. Muscle. Origin. Insertion. Nerve-supply. Flexion Flexor longus pollicis See Wrist-Joint ...
- Muscles Of Fingers. Metacarpo And Interphalangeal Joints Of Four Inner Digits
- Action. Muscle. Origin. Insertion. Nerve-supply. Flexion Flexor sublimis digitorum See Wrist-Joint Flexor p...
- Deep Fascia
- The Deep Fascia of the shoulder and upper limb is attached to the clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula. It encases all the muscles, and is continuous with the deep fascia of the back and the axill...
- Section III. Pelvic Girdle And Lower Limb
- Fig. 19. Muscles and Cutaneous Nerves of Leg (Posterior View). Fig. 20. - Muscles and Cutaneous Nerves of Leg (Anterior View). Fig. 23. - Muscles of Leg. P...
- Pelvic Girdle And Lower Limb. Continued
- Ischium The Ischium consists of a body and two rami-superior and inferior. The body forms the inferior and posterior two-fifths of the acetabulum, and from the posterior border of the body projects...
- Differences Between Male And Female Pelvis
- The upper margin of the true pelvis is often called the brim, or inlet, of the pelvis. This is heart-shaped in the male and oval in the female owing to the shape of the upper part of the sacrum, which...
- Femur
- The Femur is a long bone with a shaft and two extremities. It articulates above with the acetabulum of the os innominatum and below with the head of the tibia and the patella. Fig. 13. - Femu...
- Patella
- The Patella is the largest sesamoid bone in the body, and is formed in the tendon of the quadriceps extensor in front of the knee-joint. It is triangular in shape, with the apex downwards. The anterio...
- Tibia
- The Tibia is the inner bone of the leg. It is a long bone with a shaft and two extremities, and articulates above with the condyles of the femur and the upper end of the fibula ; below, with the lower...
- Fibula
- The Fibula is a long, slender bone on the outer side of the leg. It articulates above with the outer tuberosity of the tibia, and below with the lower end of the tibia and the outer surface of the ast...
- Other Bones of Leg
- Tarsus The Tarsus is composed of seven bones-the astragalus, os calcis, scaphoid, cuboid, and three cuneiforms. Astragalus The Astragalus is the uppermost bone, and, articulating with the...
- Metatarsus
- The Metatarsus resembles the metacarpus, and consists of five long bones articulating with the tarsus behind and supporting the phalanges in front. The first metatarsal is the shortest and stoutest...
- Phalanges Of The Toes
- The Phalanges of the toes resemble those of the fingers in shape and number (fourteen in all). They are, however, much smaller proportionately and in the smaller toes the second and third phalanges ar...
- Articulations of the Pelvis
- Lumbo-Sacral Joint This takes place between the fifth lumbar vertebra and the sacrum, and is similar to the other intervertebral joints. It has, however, an accessory ligament, the lateral lumbosac...
- Hip-Joint
- The Hip-Joint takes place between the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the innominate bone. Fig. 18. Hip Joint. It is a true ball-and-socket joint, so has movement round three axe...
- Muscles Acting On The Hip-Joint Joint
- Action. Muscle. Origin. Insertion. Nerve-supply. Flexion Iliacus From a wide origin round the margin of the iliac fossa Outer side o...
- The Knee Joint
- The Knee-Joint is formed between the condyles of the femur and the superior surface of the head of the tibia. The posterior surface of the patella also enters into the joint. A hinge-joint capable ...
- Knee Intra-Articular Ligaments
- The ligaments inside the knee-joint are more important than the intra-articular ligaments; of any other joint. The Crucial ligaments are two rounded tendinous bands attached to the head of the tibi...
- Muscles Acting On The Knee Joint
- Action. Muscle. Origin. Insertion. Nerve-supply. Flexion Hamstrings, consisting of- Biceps See Hip-...
- Tibio-Fibular Joints
- The Tibio-Fibular Joints are two in number, between the opposing surfaces of the extremities of the tibia and fibula. The fibula forms a lateral support for the ankle-joint, and is not required to hav...
- Ankle-Joint
- The Ankle-Joint, between the upper, inner, and outer surfaces of the astragalus and the lower ends of the tibia and fibula. It is a hinge joint, capable of movement round one axis only : Transve...
- The Arches Of The Foot
- The foot having to support the whole weight of the body, that weight is distributed among its component parts by the arrangement of two arches at right angles to one another-longitudinal and transvers...
- Muscles Acting On The Ankle-Joint
- Action. Muscle. Origin. Insertion. Nerve-supply. Flexion Tibialis anticus From the external tuberosity and upper two-thirds of the outer su...
- Muscles Acting On The Metatarso-Phalangeal Joints
- Action. Muscle. Origin. Insertion. Nerve-supply. Flexion Flexor longus digitorum See Ankle-Joint Accessoriu...
- Muscles Acting On The Interphalangeal Joints
- Action. Muscle. Origin. Flexion Flexor brevis digitorum See Metatarso-Phalangeal Joint Flexor longus digitorum See Ankle-Joint ...
- Muscles Of Foot
- The short muscles of the toes in the sole of the foot are arranged in four layers beneath the plantar fascia. Starting at the outermost layer, they areFirst layer: Abductor halluces, flexor brevis dig...
- Section IV. Vertebrae, Ribs, And Muscles Of Trunk
- Vertebrae The vertebrae, thirty-three in number, articulating together, form the spinal column. They are named according to the region in which they are placed : Cervical: 7 - neck region. Do...
- Sacrum
- The Sacral vertebrae are all fused together into one bone, called the sacrum. The Sacrum is a triangular bone formed of the five sacral vertebrae, whose bodies and transverse processes have become ...
- Coccyx
- The Coccyx consists of four rudimentary vertebrae, which are generally fused together, and often fused with the sacrum. Special Vertebrae. ...
- Atlas
- The First Cervical vertebra, or Atlas, differs from the typical vertebrae. It consists of a ring of bone supporting laterally, the lateral masses which articulate above with the condyles of the occipi...
- Axis
- The Second Cervical vertebra, or Axis, has the odontoid process projecting from the upper surface of its body, which articulates with the anterior arch of the atlas. The superior articular surfaces ar...
- The Vertebral Column As A Whole
- The vertebrae are so articulated that the bodies, transverse processes, and spinous processes are all superimposed. This causes posteriorly two longitudinal grooves, one each side of the spine, in whi...
- Sternum
- The Sternum, or Breast-Bone, is in the middle of the upper part of the anterior wall of the thorax. It articulates on each side with the upper seven ribs and the clavicle. It consists of three parts-t...
- The Ribs
- The Ribs (costae) are twenty-four in number, twelve on each side. They articulate posteriorly with the dorsal vertebrae, and anteriorly with the sternum and one another (except the eleventh and twelth...
- Thorax
- The Thorax as a whole is barrel-shaped, narrower above than below, and compressed antero-posteriorly. The inlet, or superior aperture, is kidney-shaped, its plane oblique, sloping downwards and forwar...
- Joints Of The Vertebral Column
- The vertebrae articulate together by their bodies and the transverse processes. Each individual joint has not much power of movement, but, taken altogether, the range of movement of the spine as a who...
- Muscles Of Trunk
- The actions of the muscles of the trunk are very complex. They are arranged in two main sets: Muscles of the back. Muscles of the abdominal wall. ...
- Muscles Of Back
- The Muscles of the Back can again be divided into transverse and longitudinal. The transverse muscles are those which connect the shoulder girdle with the spinal column, and the longitudinal ones thos...
- The Muscles of the Abdomen
- The Muscles of the Abdomen are arranged in three directions -longitudinal, transverse, and oblique. The longitudinal ones straight up the front, flex the trunk, helped by the oblique ones when both si...
- Muscles (Both Sides Together) Acting On The Spinal Column
- Action. Muscle. Origin. Insertion. Nerve-supply. Flexion Longus colli From the bodies and transverse processes of the first three thoracic ...
- Muscles of the Thorax
- This group of muscles can equally well be called the muscles of respiration, as they are the ones that raise the ribs or otherwise enlarge the cavity of the thorax, and make respiration possible. ...
- Intercostal Muscles
- Inspiration, caused by the elevation of the ribs and depression of the diaphragm. The intercostal muscles fill up the spaces between the adjacent ribs. They are arranged in two sets, external and i...
- Section V. Bones And Muscles Of Head
- Skull The term skull includes all the bones making up the head. This comprises the bones which enclose the brain-i.e., the cranium, and the bones composing the skeleton of the face. Cranium ...
- Bones And Muscles Of Head. Continued
- Norma Verticalis (The View Of The Skull From Above) This varies very much with different individuals, and may be nearly circular or a long oval. The T-shaped sutures of the large bones forming the ...
- Frontal Bone
- The frontal bone articulates with the parietal bones above, with the malar bones by the outer extremities of the orbital margins, with the great wing of the sphenoid externally, just beyond the orbita...
- Occipital Bone
- The Occipital bone consists of three parts arranged around the foramen magnum- a large hole for the passage of the spinal cord. The posterior part is triangular in shape, the apex being upwards, and i...
- Temporal Bone
- The Temporal bone consists of a plate of bone, having on its lower border three processes. The inner part of the temporal bone supports the bony part of the ear, the aperture of which is seen just beh...
- Sphenoid Bone
- The Sphenoid bone consists of a small body with several paired processes, the important ones being the great wings and the pterygoid plates. The latter, four in number, project downwards behind the no...
- Bones Of The Face
- The Maxillae unite to form the upper jaw; the body is pyramidal in form, and hollow, and has on it the infra-orbital foramen, through which part of the fifth nerve emerges. On the anterior border is a...
- Mandible
- The Mandible, forming the lower jaw, is horseshoe in shape, with vertical processes at the ends. The body supports on its upper border the lower row of teeth, and near the middle line on the outer sur...
- Joints of the Skull
- All the joints of the head and face, with the exception of the temporo-mandibular, are sutures. These are immovable joints formed by dentated edges fitted together and firmly united by means of cartil...
- Articulation of Skull with Spinal Column
- The skull articulates with the spinal column by means of the condyles of the occipital bone and the articular facets on the lateral masses of the atlas. The condyles are convex in both lateral directi...
- Muscles Of Mastication
- 1: The Muscles of the Scalp are the occipito-frontalis muscle and the muscles of the external ear. The Occipito-Frontalis muscle does not act on any joint. The posterior part of the muscle...
- Muscles Of The Neck Which Depress The Lower Jaw
- Action. Muscle. Origin. Insertion. Nerve-supply. Depression Digastric Posterior belly from the digastric groove in front of the mastoid pro...
- Section VI. The Digestive System
- The digestive system includes the alimentary canal and various organs connected with it. The greater part of the digestive system lies within the abdomen. The alimentary canal consists of the followin...
- Peritoneum
- The Peritoneum is a serous sac which lines the abdominal cavity and invests all the structures. It is a thin membrane, secreting sufficient fluid to keep the whole surface lubricated and to enable the...
- The Stomach
- The Stomach is a pyriform sac with two openings- the oesophageal or cardiac, opening, and the pylorus, opening into the duodenum. The stomach has two ends, two surfaces, two curvatures, and two openin...
- Intestines
- The Intestines are divided into three parts- the duodenum; the small intestine, consisting of jejunum and ileum; and the large intestine. The structure of the duodenum and small intestine is alike; th...
- Intestines. Continued
- Caecum The Caecum is a small sac about 2 1/2 inches long and 3 inches wide which forms the blind end of the large intestine and lies-below the colic valve, or entrance of the ileum into the large i...
- Salivary Glands
- Submaxillary Gland The Submaxillary Gland is the next largest; it lies in a recess just inside the angle of the mandible. It lies on the mylohyoid muscle and posteriorly is in contact with the ster...
- Liver
- The Liver is the largest of all the digestive glands. It lies beneath the right cupola of the diaphragm and against the ribs on the right side of the body. Its function is to secrete the bile, which i...
- Visceral surface
- The Visceral surface is a sloping surface looking obliquely downwards, backwards, and to the left. It lies upon the stomach, intestines, and right kidney. The visceral surface of the left lobe lies...
- Section VII. The Ductless Glands, Kidneys And Pelvic Organs
- The Ductless Glands are a number of organs in different parts of the body, which, as their name implies, have no ducts, but pour their internal secretion direct into the vascular system. The princip...
- Spleen
- The Spleen is one of the abdominal organs, but not connected with digestion. It is the largest of the ductless glands. It lies in the left hypochondrium in the mid-axillary line reaching from the u...
- Suprarenal Capsules
- The Suprarenal Capsules are two small triangular bodies resting on the upper ends of the kidneys. The right suprarenal capsule is in contact anteriorly with the vena cava and the liver; posteriorly...
- Kidneys
- The Kidneys are a pair of organs placed on the posterior wall of the abdomen, which secrete the urine: the urine is carried by means of the ureter to the bladder, situated in the pelvis, which opens t...
- The Pelvic Organs
- The pelvis contains the bladder, the rectum, and the internal genital organs. The bladder lies anteriorly close against the pubic bones, the rectum posteriorly close against the sacrum (see Section VI...
- Section VIII The Respiratory Organs
- The Organs of Respiration are the lungs and trachea, the latter being the passage by means of which air is carried from the pharynx to the lungs. Breathing consists of the acts of inspiration and e...
- Lungs
- The Lungs lie within the pleural cavities of the thorax. A perfectly healthy lung lies quite free within its own pleural sac, attached only by its root; but as a rule adhesions between the lung and pl...
- Pleura
- The Pleura is a serous membrane which invests the lungs and lines the thoracic cavity. It is analogous to the peritoneum of the abdomen, and performs the same function- i.e., forms a lubricated coveri...
- Section IX. Heart And Bloodvessels Of Head, Neck And Trunk
- The Heart The Heart is a four-chambered muscular organ situated in the thorax, in the space between the lungs, and resting on the diaphragm. Its function is to receive the blood from the veins and ...
- The Arteries
- The arteries are the bloodvessels which leave the heart and break up into capillaries for the supply of the tissues. There are two systems of circulation- the pulmonary, consisting of the pulmonary ar...
- The Arteries. Part 2
- Abdominal Aorta The Abdominal Aorta extends from the middle of the body of the last dorsal vertebra to the left side of the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra, where it divides into the two common ...
- The Arteries. Part 3
- The Vertebral artery arises from the subclavian artery just between scalenus anticus and longus colli. It passes backwards and upwards through the foramina in the transverse processes of the cervical ...
- The Arteries. Part 4
- The Paired Parietal Branches The Inferior Phrenic arteries are the first branches which curve off the aorta as it enters the abdomen. They supply the under surface of the diaphragm. The Lumbar a...
- The Arteries. Part 5
- Spermatic or Ovarian arteries The Spermatic or Ovarian arteries arise just below the renal arteries. The spermatic arteries run downward and outwards through the inguinal canal to supply the testic...
- The Veins
- The veins are formed by the aggregation of the capillaries, and return the blood to the heart. They, like the arteries, are arranged in two sets - pulmonary and systemic. The pulmonary veins enter the...
- The Veins. Continued
- Jugular Veins Common facial, formed by union of facial and a terminal branch of the temporo-maxillary veins, which drain the muscles of the face and fore-part of the scalp. Occipital vei...
- Section X. The Blood Vessels Of The Upper Limb. Arteries Of The Upper Limb
- The blood-supply of the upper limb is derived from the continuation of the subclavian artery, which at the lower border of the first rib changes its name and becomes the axillary artery. Axilla...
- Arteries Of The Upper Limb. Part 2
- Ulnar Artery The larger of the two terminal branches of the brachial artery arises in the antecubital fossa, and terminates in the palm of the hand by forming the palmar arches. It lies successi...
- Arteries Of The Upper Limb. Part 3
- There are four superficial veins in the forearm: 1. The Median vein which commences on the dorsal aspect of the base of the thumb. It turns round the radial border of the wrist, and, passing up the...
- Section XI. The Bloodvessels Of The Lower Limb
- Arteries of the Lower Limb. The blood-supply of the lower limb is derived from the continuation of the external iliac artery, which, passing under Poupart's ligament, changes its name and becomes t...
- The Bloodvessels Of The Lower Limb. Part 2
- Popliteal Artery From the opening in the insertion of adductor magnus to the lower border of popliteus, where it terminates by dividing into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries. Th.e arte...
- The Bloodvessels Of The Lower Limb. Part 3
- External Plantar Artery The larger of the two terminal branches runs outwards and forwards between flexor brevis digitorum on the inner side and accessorius and abductor minimi digiti on the outer ...
- Section XII. Lymphatic System
- The Lymphatic System is the means by which the liquid portion of the blood which exudes into the intercellular spaces is gathered up and returned to the blood, passing through the lymphatic glands on ...
- Section XIII. Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves Of Trunk, And Sympathetic System
- There are two nervous systems described in the body-the cerebro-spinal and sympathetic. The cerebro-spinal can be divided into central and peripheral parts, the central part consisting of the brain an...
- Brain
- The brain is enclosed by the cranium, and the lower and hind-part of the brain, called the medulla, is prolonged through the foramen magnum of the occipital bone into the vertebral canal. The upper pa...
- The Spinal Cord
- The spinal cord occupies the upper two-thirds of the vertebral canal. It extends from the margin of the foramen magnum of the occipital bone to the level of the upper border of the second lumbar verte...
- Thoracic Nerves
- Third cervical nerve is called the least occipital nerve, and is rather small, but its distribution is similar to that of the posterior divisions of the other spinal nerves. The anterior divisions ...
- The Sympathetic System
- The sympathetic system consists of two long chains of ganglia lying one on each side of the vertebral column, extending from the base of the skull to the coccyx. The ganglia are connected to the spina...
- Section XIV. Cervical Plexus
- The cervical plexus is formed by the anterior primary divisions of the first four cervical nerves. The nerves emerge from the intervertebral foramina behind the vertebral artery, and each nerve is joi...
- Section XV. Brachial Plexus And Nerves Of Upper Limb
- Brachial Plexus The Brachial Plexus is formed by the anterior division of the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth cervical nerves, and the greater part of the first thoracic nerve. The second thoraci...
- Median Nerve
- Median nerve arises by two roots-one from the outer cord and one from the inner. The outer head passes down on the outer side of the axillary artery, and the inner head crosses over at the beginning o...
- Ulnae Nerve
- Ulnar nerve arises from the inner cord of the brachial plexus. It lies between the axillary artery and vein, and passes down on the inner side of the brachial artery in front of triceps. In the lower ...
- Internal Cutaneous nerve
- Internal Cutaneous nerve arises from the inner cord of the brachial plexus. In the upper part of its course it lies superficial to the artery and the ulnar nerve. It then pierces the deep fascia about...
- Musculo-Spiral Nerve
- The Musculo-Spiral nerve is the continuation of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. It passes through the axilla behind the axillary artery, and down the arm behind the brachial artery on the l...
- Section XVI. Lumbar And Sacral Plexus And Nerves Of Lower Limb
- The anterior divisions of the remaining spinal nerves - viz., five lumbar, five sacral, and one coccygeal- form the lumbo-sacral plexus, which supplies the lower part of the trunk and the lower limb. ...
- Lumbar And Sacral Plexus And Nerves Of Lower Limb. Continued
- Obturator nerve arises from the second, third, and fourth lumbar nerves. The nerve emerges from the inner border of psoas behind the common iliac vessels. It passes forwards with the obturator artery,...
- Sacral Plexus or Sciatic Plexus
- Fig. 69. - Sacral Plexus. A 1,1,1. Nerve to Quadratus Femoris 2, 2, 2. Nerve to Obturator Internus 3, 3, 3. Small Sciatic Nerve B 4 S. Fourth Sacral, giving a Branch to Sacral ...
- Sacral Plexus or Sciatic Plexus. Continued
- Sural Two or more branches which pierce the fascia over the popliteal space and supply the skin over the calf of the leg for a variable distance. The Great Sciatic nerve passes through the sacro...
- The Internal Popliteal Nerve
- One of the terminal branches of the great sciatic nerve, from the upper part of the popliteal space to the lower border of the popliteus muscle, where it is continued down the leg. It lies at first be...
- External Plantar Nerve
- The External Plantar Nerve, one of the two terminal branches of the posterior tibial nerve, arises beneath the internal annular ligament, and passes outwards with the external plantar artery between f...
- Section XVII. Cranial Nerves
- There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves emerging on each side of the base of the brain, which supply the tissues of the head and neck (see Fig. 61). Name of Nerve. Function. ...
- Trigeminal Nerve
- 5. The Trigeminal nerve arises from the outer surface of the pons varolii, and passes forward on the base of the skull to the apex of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. There it divides into th...
- Facial Nerve
- 7. The Facial nerve passes out from the border of the pons varolii and through a canal in the petrous portion of the temporal bone. It emerges from the skull through the stylo-mastoid foramen, and bre...
- Cervico-Facial Nerve
- The Cervico-Facial divides up into-(1) buccal, (2) superior mandibular, and (3) inferior mandibular, all supplying muscles of expression; the latter branch supplies also the platysma muscle. ...
- Section XVIII. Surface Markings
- The Head. About the head, the important structures whose positions are required are the nerves; these have already been indicated in their own section. The Neck. The neck is divided up in...
- Surface Markings. Part 2
- The Heart. The surface markings of the heart are already given on p. 137The Abdomen. The abdomen is most prominent in the region of the umbilicus, which is situated normally below the mid-point ...
- Surface Markings. Part 3
- Small Intestine The coils of the small intestine lie mainly in the umbilical and hypogastric regions. Large Intestine The caecum, which is in the right iliac region, is in contact with th...
- Surface Markings. Part 4
- The Kidneys The upper limit of the kidney is indicated by a line drawn transversely at the level of the eleventh dorsal spine, the lower limit by one at the level of the third lumbar spine. About a...
- Surface Markings. Part 5
- The Elbow. The head of the radius can be felt 1 inch below the external condyle of the humerus when alternately pronating and supinating the flexed forearm. The median vein is seen to bifurcate ...
- Surface Markings. Part 6
- The Back of the Thigh. The hamstring muscles are thrown into prominence by standing on tiptoes, or by flexing the leg against resistance; at the same time a well-marked furrow indicating the extern...
- Surface Markings. Part 7
- The Foot. The tip of the external malleolus is 1/4 inch lower and 3/4 inch posterior to that of the internal malleolus. The line of the ankle-joint can be felt on either side of the extensor tendon...
- Books for Nurses
- Bailliere's Popular Atlas Models These Atlas Models are complete reproductions of the human body, composed of a number of plates which open out and fold over, thus showing very clearly the many par...
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