I. Exercises In Lying Position

A. Flexion and extension of hip joint with extended knee (i.e., with straight leg).

B. Flexion of hip joint, immediately followed by flexion and extension of the knee, and finally by extension of hip joint.

C. Dorsal flexion and plantar flexion in the ankle joint.

D. Rotation of hip joint with extended knee, so that the foot moves in a circle.

E. Climbing with the feet on a staircase or ladder of three or four steps inclined towards the patient.

F. Placing one leg over the other.

G. Gliding the heel of one foot over the shin of the other leg.

II. Exercises In Sitting Position

A. Lifting the foot and knee, extension and flexion of the knee, sinking of the foot again to the ground. 13. Heel-raising.

C. Gliding alternately one foot after the other over a marked cross, forwards, backwards, to the left and right.

D. Going upstairs (steps, wall-bars, or ladder).

E. Nine-pins, in which the patient practises knocking down with one foot a certain ninepin out of a set which is placed in front of him on a single or double shelf in the shape of an amphitheatre.

F. Practice in sitting down and getting up.

III. Static Exercises

A. Sitting.

B. Standing in a "walking-chair" * or without it, with feet closed and heels touching each other, or with abducted legs.

C. Standing on one leg.

D. Standing on tiptoe.

E. Standing on the heels.

IV. Exercises In Walking

A. Walking on a dark track, 21 cm. wide, divided by light and fairly broad transverse lines into whole steps 61 cm. long and half-steps 30.5 cm. long.

B. Inside a circle to make a complete turn to the left with the left heel as supporting point, and again to the right with the right heel as supporting point.

C. To walk first in one, then in the other direction along a circular line on the floor. In exercises for the upper extremities we need not trouble about faults in position, and we need only support in order to prevent fatigue. On the other hand, we must take more care as to the precision of these exercises than in those for the lower extremity. In order to practise these exercises the patient needs only two simple and cheaply-constructed pieces of apparatus, viz. : -

A. A blackboard and chalk. On this he must, with either right or left hand, change the sign - into +, or do some other exercise which demands the same precision of movement.

B. A board with a hole through it, and a number of pins which he must place in the hole with either the right or left hand. For all the above exercises, in which sight is not essential, it is a question of exercising co-ordination, partly by means of sight, partly by the help of the other sensory resources normally used which are still left to the patient; and they should be practised with open as well as with closed eyes.

* A walking-chair consists of a piece of wood with three side pieces and one side open, supported by four legs fitted with metal castors.