I. Necrosis, Gangrene. Mortification. (1) Causes; direct injury, obstruction of arteries, spasm of arteries, obstruction of veins, nervous influences, assisted by weakness of the heart; (2) Forms of necrosis and changes in tissues, determined chiefly by inflammation and putrefactive changes. Various forms of gangrene; coagulation-necrosis; caseation; (8) Issues of necrosis.

II. Simple atrophy, its physiological type. General and local atrophy.

III. Albuminous infiltration, also in general and local forms. IV. Fatty degeneration, a transformation of nitrogenous principles. General and local forms. Character of lesion and results. V. Fatty infiltration, (1) in connective tissue, (2) in the liver. VI. Pathological pigmentation - Origin of pigment. (1) Alterations of physiological pigmentation; (2) pigmentation by hfemoglobin and its derivatives; (3) icterus, hepatogenous and hsemato-genous; (4) pigmentation in tumours; (5) pigmentation from without; (6) pigmentary atrophy. VII. Amyloid degeneration - Causation and nature of process; changes in tissues and seat; local amyloid degeneration; corpora amylacea. Mucous, colloid, and hyaline degenerations. Calcareous infiltration, mainly in dead or obsolete structures; characters and effects.

UNDER this designation are included a number of conditions, all of which imply a defect in the nutritive processes in the tissues. As the cells are concerned in the nutrition of the tissues, it is for the most part these which are at fault, although it may be that in some cases the most manifest visible changes are not in them. The most extreme case is where the nutrition ceases altogether, and the structure dies. Short of that, we have various lesions manifesting themselves. Thus there is a simple diminution of the vitality, and the structures dwindle. Again, the chemical constituents of the structures change, splitting up, it may be, into more elementary principles. Or the tissues are unable to prevent the deposition in them of extraneous material, which is thus infiltrated into them. These last are called infiltrations, whereas the conditions in which there is a degradation of the normal constituents into lower chemical substances are designated degenerations.