Nh3= 17.01.

1. Aqua Ammonia Fortior. Stronger Ammonia Water

Aqua Ammonia Fortior. Stronger Ammonia Water. 28 per cent. by weight of the gas (Nh3 = 17.01) dissolved in water.

Source

Generate Ammonia gas by heating Ammonium Chloride with Slaked Lime, and pass it into water. 2Nh4c1 + Ca(OH)3 = Nh3 + 2H2O + CaC12

Characters

A colorless, transparent liquid, having an excessively pungent odor, and very acrid and alkaline taste and a strongly alkaline reaction. Sp. gr. 0.901.

Impurities

Ammonium chloride, sulphide and sulphate.

Dose, 3 to 6 m.; .20 to .40 c.c., well diluted.

Preparation

Spiritus Ammoniae

Spirit of Ammonia. Contains 10 per cent., by weight, of the gas dissolved in Alcohol. Dose, 10 to 60 m.; .60 to 4.00 c.c.

2. Aqua Ammoniae. Ammonia Water

Aqua Ammoniae. Ammonia Water. (10 per cent. by weight of the gas (Nh3= 17.01) dissolved in water).

Source

The same as for Aqua Ammoniae Fortior.

Characters

Like, but less pungent than, the stronger solution. Sp. gr. 0.960.

Dose, 10 to 20 m.; .60 to 1.20 c.c., well diluted.

Preparations

1. Linimentum Ammoniae. Ammonia Liniment

Linimentum Ammoniae. Ammonia Liniment. Synonym. - Volatile Liniment. Ammonia Water, 350; Alcohol, 50; Cotton Seed Oil, 600.

2. Spiritus Ammoniae Aromaticus, see Ammonium Carbonate.

Action of Solutions of Ammonia

External

A solution of ammonia produces rubefaction with a sensation of heat, and, if strong, a sensation of pain and burning. If the vapor is confined, it causes vesication.

Internal

Nose. - When inhaled, the vapor of ammonia is irritating to the nose and air passages, causing a pungent sensation and sneezing. The eyes and nose water. The pulse and respiration are reflexly accelerated. If very concentrated, it produces swelling and inflammation of the nose, glottis and respiratory tract.

Stomach

Like other alkalies, given before meals, ammonia increases the flow of gastric juice; given after meals, it neutralizes it. It dilates the gastric vessels, and produces a feeling of warmth in the epigastrium. It reflexly stimulates the heart and respiration.

Blood

Its action on the blood is not known; but it is supposed to diminish its local liability to clot in cases of thrombosis, and to dissolve a clot which has already formed.

Heart

Ammonia causes a rise of blood-pressure with an increased pulse rate, due probably to stimulation of the accelerator mechanism.

Respiration

It increases greatly the frequency of respiration, probably from stimulation of the respiratory centre in the medulla.

Nervous System

The brain is unaffected, and the nerves also, except for the tingling produced when a strong solution of ammonia is locally applied. Convulsions are often produced in animals poisoned by ammonia; these are certainly central, and are probably due to stimulation of the spinal cord.

Kidneys

Ammonia and its salts are oxidized in the body, and the nitric acid, uric acid, and urea in the urine are increased.