[Morphiae Sulphas. Sulphate of Morphia, U. S. Made by dissolving morphia in dilute sulphuric acid, evaporating and crystallizing. In snow-white, feathery, crystals, wholly soluble in water. Composition C34 H19 No6, So3 + 5 HO.]

Codeia (C36 H21 No6 + 2 HO), an alkaloid, in rhombic prisms, or octahedral crystals soluble in alcohol and ether, and also in boil-ing water, but not in alkaline solutions; does not exhibit the tests given above for Morphia; it forms crystallized salts with acids.

Papaverine: (C40 H21 No8), an alkaloid in small acicular crystals; the crystals turn blue with oil of vitriol, and the solution gives rise to a very insoluble hydrochlorate in brilliant prisms, when great excess of the acid is added.

Thebaia or Paramorphia (C38 H21 No6), an alkaloid, not soluble in alkalies; dose not give the tests of morphia; crystallizes in square plates of a silvery lustre.

Narcoiine (C46 H25 No14), neutral, in brilliant prisms, insoluble in water and alkalies; soluble in alcohol, ether and acids, with the latter of which it forms acid crystalline salts.

Narceia (C46 H29 No18), neutral silky crystals, insoluble in ether; a feeble base, reddened by strong sulphuric acid.

Meconine or Opianyl (C20 H10 O8), neutral, in acicular crystals; exists in opium, but can be formed by the oxidation of narcotine.

Opianine, a principle found as yet only in Egyptian opium, has been but very imperfectly examined.

Porphyroxinc, a principle whose composition is unknown; distinguishcd by becoming purple when heated with dilute hydrochloric acid; crystalline, but little understood.

Besides these crystallizable bodies, opium contains several different Resins, as yet but little examined, also gummy, extractive, and fatty matters, caoutchouc, a trace of volatile oil, and inorganic salts. Analyses of opium have given the following per-centage of constituents: Morphia, 6 to 12; Codeia, less than 1; Narco-tine, 6 to 8; Narceine, less than 1; Meconine, less than 1; Me-conic acid, 6 to 8; Resin, 10.93; Bassorine, caoutchouc, fat and lignin, 26.25; salts and volatile oil, 3.60; earthy salts, etc, 0.71; brown acid, gum, etc, 41.17.

The British Pharmacopoeia gives the following tests for ascertaining the quantity of morphia present in opium:-

Take of opium 100 grains, slaked lime 100 grains, distilled water 4 ounces. Break down the opium, and steep it in 1 ounce of the water for 24 hours, stirring the mixture frequently. Transfer it to a displacement apparatus, and pour on the remainder of the water in successive portions, so as to exhaust the opium by percolation. To the infusion thus obtained, placed in a flask, add the lime, boil for ten minutes, place the undissolved matter on a filter, and wash it with 1 ounce of boiling water. Acidulate the filtered fluid slightly with dilute hydrochloric acid, evaporate it to the bulk of 1/2 an ounce, and let it cool. Neutralize cautiously with solution of ammonia, carefully avoiding an excess; remove by filtration the brown matter which separates, wash it with 1 ounce of hot water, mix the washings with the filtrate, concentrate the whole to the bulk of 1/4 of an ounce, and add now solution of ammonia in slight excess. After 24 hours collect the precipitated morphia on a weighed filter, wash it with cold water, and dry it at 212°. It ought to weigh at least from 6 to 8 grains.

Off. Prep. - Of Opium. Emplastrum Opii. Opium Plaster. [Extract of Opium, a troy ounce; Burgundy pitch, three troy ounces; lead plaster, twelve troy ounces; water a sufficient quantity. U. S.] (Opium, in very fine powder, one ounce; resin plaster, nine ounces.)

Enema Opii. Enema of Opium. (Decoction of starch, two fluid ounces; tincture of opium, thirty minims. Mix.) [Not officinal in U. S. P.]

Extractum Opii. Extract of Opium. (Opium, in thin slices, one pound; distilled water, six pints. Prepared by macerating the opium, three times, for twenty-four hours each time, in two pints of water, mixing the liquors, straining and reducing by evaporation to a proper consistence.)

Extractum Opii Liquidum. Liquid Extract of Opium. (Extract of opium, one ounce; distilled water, seventeen fluid ounces; rectified spirit, three fluid ounces.) [Not officinal in U. S. P.]

Linimentum Opii. Liniment of Opium. (Tincture of opium, two fluid ounces; liniment of soap, two fluid ounces.) [Not officinal in U. S. P.]

Pilula Opii. Opium Pill. (Opium, in fine powder, half an ounce; hard soap, two ounces; distilled water, a sufficiency.) [Opium, in fine powder, sixty grains; soap, in fine powder, twelve grains. Beat them, with water, into a pilular mass, to be divided into sixty pills. U. S.]

One grain of opium is contained in five grains of the pill mass.

Pilula Plumbi cum Opio. Pill of Lead and Opium. (Acetate of lead, in fine powder, thirty-six grains; opium, in powder, six grains; confection of roses, six grains.) [Not officinal in U. S. P.]

One grain of opium is contained in eight grains of the pill mass.

Pulvis Cretae Aromaticus cum Opio. Aromatic Powder of Chalk and Opium. (Aromatic powder of chalk, nine ounces and three quarters; opium, in powder, a quarter of an ounce.)

One part of opium in forty parts of the powder. [Not officinal in U. S. P.]

Pulvis Ipecacuanha cum Opio. Powder of Ipecacuan and Opium.

Synonym,. Pulvis Ipecacuanhae Compositus.

(Ipecacuan, in powder, half an ounce; opium, in powder, half an ounce; sulphate of potash, four ounces.)

One part of opium in ten parts of the powder. This preparation is also known as Dover's powder.

Pulvis Kino cum Opio. Powder of Kino and Opium. Synonym. Pulvis Kino Compositus. Lond. (Kino, in powder, three ounces and three quarters; opium, in powder, a quarter of an ounce; cinnamon, in powder, one ounce.)

One part of opium in twenty parts of the powder. [Not officinal in U. S. P.]

Tinctura Opii. Tincture of Opium. (Powdered opium, one ounce and a half; proof spirit, one pint. Prepared by maceration.)